102 SELECTED WESTERN FLORA 



2. VACCINIUM. Blueberry, Cbanberrt. 



Calyx 4 or 5-lobed or cleft, persistent; corolla 4 or 5-oleft; stamens 

 8-10; fruit a berry crowned with the persistent calyx teeth, 

 4 or S-celled or 8 or lO-celled, many-seeded. Shrubs or vines with 

 solitary, clustered or racemed flowers. 



* Cowberry — Creeping or tufted shrubs; flowers in clusters; corolla 

 4-toothed; filaments hairy. 



1. V. Vitis-Idaea, L. Cowbeeby. 



Low, 4-10. in. high; stems creeping, with erect branches; leaves dark 

 green, obovate with revolute margins, evergreen, shiny above, bristly dotted 

 beneath; corolla 4-clett, white or pink; flowers in short, terminal, nodding 

 clusters; fruit dark red, sour. Rocky Mts. and northward in the wooded 

 .districts. 



** Blueberries — Low, ascending or erect shrubs; flowers in racemes; 

 corolla 5-toothed; filaments hairy. 



2. V. pennsylv^nicum. Lam. Low Blueberby. 



Stem low, 6-15 in. high; branches green, angled, warty; leaves lanceolate 

 or oblong, smooth, serrulate, the teeth bristle-pointed ; flowers white or pink, 

 in short racemes; berry blue, black, or reddish, usually with a bloom. Sandy 

 barrens and swamps, N. Man.-Rocky Mts. 



3. V. canadense, Kalm. Common Blubbekby. 



Stem 6 in. to 2 ft. high; leaves oblong to elliptical, entire, pubescent; 

 flowers in few-flowered clusters on naked branches in the upper axils ; pedicels 

 shorter than the greenish white corolla; fruit blue or black with a bloom. 

 Sandy barrens, northward. 



*** Bilberries — Low shrubs, flowers solitary or few on drooping pedicels; 

 corolla 4 or 6-toothed; filaments naked. 



4. V. caespitosum, Michx. Dwarf Bilberby. 



Stem dwarf, tufted, 3-12 in. high, with smooth round branches; leaves 

 obovate, serrate, smooth; corolla urn-shaped, pink or red; berries blue, 

 sweet. Grassy woods or pla,ins and exposed mountain ridges. Cypress 

 Hills, Rocky Mts. from Bow River northward. 



5. V. uliginSsum, L. Bog Bilberry. 



Stem 1-2 ft. high, branching; leaves obovate or oblong, entire, slightly 

 pubescent beneath, dull green; parts of the flower mostly in 4's or 8's; 

 flowers in bunches of 1-3; berries black with a bloom, sweet. Northern 

 swamps. 



