2IO 



BOTANY. 



rose family, crucifers, composites, willows, oaks, legumes, etc. , 

 as in the acorn, the bean, pea, and others. In some, as in the 

 bean, a large part of the nutrient substance passing from the 

 endosperm into the embryo is stored in the cotyledons for use 

 during germination (exalbuminous seeds). 



346. Synopsis of the seed. 



' Aril, rarely present. 

 Ovular coats (one or two usually present), the 



testa. 

 Funicle (stalk of ovule), raphe (portion of funicle 

 Ripened ovule. \ when bent on to the side cf ovule), micropyle, 

 hilum (scar where seed was attached to ovary). 

 Remnant of the nucellus (central part of ovule) ; 

 sometimes nucellus remains as 

 _ Perisperm in some albuminous seeds. 

 Endosperm, present in albuminous seeds. 



Embryo within surrounded by endosperm when this is present, 

 or by the remnant of nucellus, and by the ovular coats which 

 make the testa. 

 See figures for parts of the ovule. 



The seed. 



\ 



II. Seedlings. 



(For reading, unless exercises 1-4 have not yet been em- 

 ployed. In that case those exercises should be taken up now. ) 



347. Additional studies on seedlings. — In beginning our 

 studies of the life processes of plants we used a number of seed- 

 lings. We found it necessary to learn something about the parts 

 of the seedling, and in fact about the parts of mature plants in 

 dealing with the functions which the members of the plant per- 

 form. Now, however, we are dealing more strictly with the parts 

 of the plant in respect to the form of the member, and its value 

 as showing relationship among plants. So that studies of seeds 

 and seedlings is a part of our study of the form characters in the 

 morphology of the angiosperms. Even if one choses to complete 

 the practical study of the seedling under the head of the life 

 processes of plants, one should now take the seeds and seedlings 

 again into account in recognizing their relation to the new 



