RELATIONSHIPS SHOWN BY FLOWER AND FRUIT. 229 



bean pod, or in several pistils united as in the apple, to form 

 the fruit. In the sunflower seed and the apple other parts of 

 the flower are also united with the pistil in forming the fruit. 

 The fruit- of the angiosperms varies greatly, and often is greatly 



Fig. 201. 

 Forget-me-not. 



complicated. When the gyncecium is apocarpous (that is when 

 the carpels are from the first distinct) the ripe carpels are 

 separate, and each is a fruit. In the syncarpous gyncecium 

 (when the carpels are united) the fruit is more complicated, 

 and still more so when other parts of the flower than the gynce- 

 cium remain united with it in the fruit. 



Pericarp; this is the part of the fruit which envelops the 

 seed, and may consist of the carpels alone, or of the 

 carpels and the adherent part of the receptacle, or calyx ; 

 it forms the wall of the fruit. 

 Endocarp and exocarp. If the pericarp shows two different 

 layers, or zones, of tissue, the outer is the exocarp, and 

 the inner the endocarp, as in the cherry, peach, etc. 



