230 BOTANY. 



Mesocarp; where there is an intermediate zone it is the 

 mesocarp 



I. Capsule (dry fruits). The capsule has a dry pericarp 



which opens (dehisces) at maturity. When the capsule 

 is syncarpous the carpels may separate along the line of 

 their union with each other longitudinally (septicidal 

 dehiscence) as in the azalea, or rhododendron; or each 

 carpel may split down the middle line (loculicidal dehiscence) 

 as in fruit of iris, lily, etc. ; or the carpels may open 

 by pores (poricidal dehiscence), as in the poppy. 

 Follicle; a capsule with a single carpel which dehisces 



along the ventral, or upper, suture (larkspur, peony). 

 Legume or pod; a capsule with a single carpel ' which 



dehisces along both sutures (pea, bean, etc.). 

 Silique; a capsule of two carpels, which separate at 

 maturity, leaving the partition wall persistent (tooth- 

 wort, shepherd's-purse, and most others of the mustard 

 family); when short it is a silicle or pouch. 

 Pyxidium or pyxis; the capsule opens with a lid (plantain). 



II. Dry indehiscent fruits ; do not dehisce or separate into 



distinct carpels. 

 Nuts; with a dry, hard pericarp. 

 Caryopsis; with one seed and a dry leathery pericarp 



(grasses). 

 Achene; with pericarp adherent to the seed (sunflower and 



other composites). 



III. Schizocarp; a dry, several-loculed fruit, in which the 



carpels separate from each other at maturity but do 

 not dehisce (umbelliferse, mallow). 



IV. Berry; endocarp and mesocarp both juicy (grape). 



V. Pome; mesocarp and outer portion of endocarp soft and 



juicy, inner portion of endocarp papery (apple). 



VI. Drupe, or stone fruit; endocarp hard and stony, 



exocarp soft and generally juicy (cherry, walnut); in 

 the cocoanut the exocarp is soft and spongy. 



