APPARATUS AND MATERIALS 47 



this direction, which if recognized and followed will serve the 

 purpose well. Thus the names of appliances which simply 

 exhibit the occurrence of a process are often distinguished 

 by the termination scope, e.g., hygroscope, diaphanoscope, to 

 which I have added osmoscope, respiroscope. Also names of 

 appliances which permit a process to be measured are indicated 

 by the termination meter, e.g., thermometer, osmometer, to 

 which I have added respirometer, photosynthometer. Also 

 names of appliances which record or register the progress of 

 a process, that is, which are autographic, are designated by the 

 termination graph, e.g., thermograph, hygrograph, barograph, 

 to which I have added transpirograph and auxograph. Again, 

 from another point of view, names of appliances which keep 

 a certain condition fixed or constant often have the termination 

 stat, e.g., thermostat, clinostat, to which I have added meteoro- 

 stat and hydrostat. It is obviously desirable that this simple 

 and expressive terminology be followed in naming new appara- 

 tus in the future. 



The foregoing comments apply for the most part to appara- 

 tus used by the student for his individual experimenting. This 

 apparatus will be described in the proper places in the course 

 in Part II. But in addition there are certain articles which are 

 much in use, and by all the students, and which belong really 

 to the furnishing of the laboratory as a whole. Of these the more 

 important are the following: 



Gas-table. This essential part of the furnishings should stand in a 

 room where its fumes cannot reach laboratory and greenhouse (page 36), 

 and should be covered by a ventilating hood rising from a glass case provided 

 with sliding doors,' as usual in chemical laboratories. It should be six feet 

 long and two wide, with a top of stone, slate, or other fireproof material, 

 raised three feet from the floor, while beneath should be drawers for the 

 accessories, including glass tubing. It should be provided with Bunsen 

 burners for (a) a still affixed to the wall, (6) a steam sterilizer always in posi- 

 tion, (c) a water-bath, (d) a blast worked by a foot-bellows, (e) a tripod with 

 asbestos support for beakers, etc., (/) a fish-tail burner for bending glass 

 tubing, and (g) an ordinary jet for the working of the same. A soldering 

 apparatus, a very small blowpipe for breaking glass tubing, and an arrange- 

 ment for quickly securing a supply of hot water are also desira' le accessories. 



