340 DRY-FARMING 
water is obtained in the dry-farm territory by driving 
pipes to comparatively great depths, ranging from 
one hundred feet to over one thousand feet. At 
such depths water is nearly always found. Often 
the geological conditions are such as to force the 
water up above the surface as artesian wells, though 
more often the pressure is simply sufficient to bring 
the water within easy pumping distance of the sur- 
face. In connection with this subject it must be 
said that many of the subterranean waters of the 
dry-farm territory are of a saline character. The 
amount of substances held in solution varies largely, 
but frequently is far above the limits of safety for 
the use of man or beast or plants. The dry-farmer 
who secures a well of this type should, therefore, 
be careful to have a proper examination made of the 
constituents of the water before ordinary use is made 
of it. 
Now, as has been said, the utilization of the sub- 
terranean waters of the land is one of the living 
problems of dry-farming. The tracing out of this 
layer of water is very difficult to accomplish and 
cannot be done by individuals. It is a work that 
properly belongs to the state and national govern- 
ment. The state of Utah, which was the pioneer in 
appropriating money for dry-farm experiments, 
also led the way in appropriating money for the 
securing of water for the dry-farms from subter- 
ranean sources. The work has been progressing in 
