344 DRY-FARMING 
gated the same problem under Arizona conditions 
and found that it cost approximately seventeen cents 
to raise one acre foot of water to a height of one foot. 
A very elaborate investigation of this nature was 
conducted in California by Le Conte and Tait. They 
studied a large number of pumping plants in actual 
operation under California conditions, and deter- 
mined that the total cost of raising one acre foot of 
water one foot was, for gasoline power, four cents 
and upward; for electric power, seven to sixteen 
cents, and for steam, four cents and upward. Mead 
has reported observations on seventy-two windmills 
near Garden City, Kansas, which irrigated from 
one fourth to seven acres each at a cost of seventy- 
five cents to $6 per acre. All in all, these results 
justify the belief that water may be raised profitably 
by pumping for the purpose of irrigating crops. 
When the very great value of a little water on a 
dry-farm is considered, the figures here given do not 
seem at all excessive. It must be remarked again 
that a reservoir of some sort is practically indispen- 
sable in connection with a pumping plant if the irri- 
gation water is to be used in the best way. 
The use of small quantities of water in irrigation 
Now, it is undoubtedly true that the acre cost of 
water on dry-farms, where pumping plants or similar 
devices must be used with expensive reservoirs, is 
