444 
Vibration, effect on transpiration, 
177. 
Virgin soil, to lie 
breaking, 140. 
fallow after 
Wagner, 154, 155. 
Washington, area, 26; type of 
rainfall in, 39; soils of, 75; fal- 
lowing in, 196; wheats in, 240; 
dry-farming in, 357; fifth Dry- 
farming Congress in Spokane, 
877; present status of dry- 
farming in, 384. 
Washington Station, dry-farming in, 
369. 
Water, see also Sotl-water, 94; the 
critical element in dry-farming, 
1, 203, 204; the scarcity of free 
water in arid districts, 331; 
scarcity of water and livestock, 
295; sources of, 333; solvent 
action in soil formation, 54; 
moving water in soil formation, 
52; freezing water in soil forma- 
tion, 52; saline ingredients, 340; 
sources and quantity of subter- 
ranean water, 338; storing in 
soil, 94; surface, evaporation 
from free, 132; absorption of 
water by seeds, 210; in germi- 
nation, 205; absorbed by roots 
only, 94; movement of water 
through plant, 170; rate of move- 
ment through plant, 170; evap- 
orated through stomata on léaves, 
173; for one pound of dry matter, 
12;. in dry-farm crops, 262; 
pumping water for dry-farms, 
341; use of little water in irriga- 
tion, 344; carried in pipes, 347; 
case of economical use of, in Ari- 
zona, 348. 
Water-table, distance in arid soils, 
105. 
Water vapor, formation of, 132; 
held in air, 133-134. 
Waves, in soil formation, 53. 
INDEX 
Weathering, 51; depth of, 60: 
Weeds, cause loss of soil moisture, 
162; abhorred by dry-farmer, 
124; on the dry-farm, 414; 
disk harrow to destrey, 313; 
Utah weeder, 313; discussed by 
Dry-farming Congress, 196. 
Wells, as source of water, 339. 
Wheat, classification for dry-farm- 
ing, 236; on dry-farms, 234; 
pounds of water for one pound, 
14, 16; water absorbed by seeds 
of, 209; repeated drying in ger- 
mination, 218; amount to sow, 
224; depth of roots, 88; varia- 
tion in composition, 268; effect 
of climate on composition, 272; 
composition in humid and semi- 
arid United States, 270, 271; 
water in, 263; spring wheat in 
rotations, 299; dry-farm wheat 
in California, 383; durum, 237; 
value of fall sowing of, 215; 
spring, 236;. semisoft winter, 
239; Turkey, Kharkow, and 
Crimean, 238; winter, 238; 
winter wheat in rotations, 299; 
water and yield, 346. 
White Australian wheat, 240. 
Whitman, Marcus, pioneer of Co- 
lumbia Basin, 357. 
Whitney, 112, 149. 
Wiley, 263. 
Wilson, James, Secretary of Agri- 
culture, 372. 
Wilting, stomata when wilting 
occurs, 173. 
Wind, and winter killing, 214; see 
also Blowing; over dry-farm 
territory, 47; effect on water in 
air, 135; effect in rapid top 
drying of soils, 148; effect on 
transpiration, 177; in soil for- 
mation, 53. 
Windmill, conditions for success, 
342; for pumping, 341. 
Winter, evaporation in, 134. 
1 
