HBRMBLLID^E. 5 



paleae, the whole substance of which (palese) belongs to the body and not to the pre-oral 

 region. Similar views have been mentioned by others and recently by Caullery. Cun- 

 ningham found a large neural canal, similar to that of Sabella, on the inner side of each 

 nerve-cord, as had previously been pointed out by the author. 1 



Ashworth 3 (1912) observes that large quantities of Hermellids are used for bait in 

 the neighbourhood of Marseilles. The majority of the Polychgets, indeed, are eagerly 

 eaten by the food-fishes. 



The development of the Hermellidae has been the subject of researches by De 

 Quatrefages, 3 Horst, 4 von Drasche 5 and Caullery. 6 



One of the earliest investigators of the development of the Sabellarians was De 

 Quatrefages, 7 who observed the ripe ova in the coelomic cavity of the adults, but he did 

 not notice the mode by which they were extruded. He followed the changes subsequent 

 to fertilisation, as well as the extrusion of two bodies (polar bodies ?), the segmentation, 

 early formation of the digestive system, and the assumption of cilia. His views about the 

 similarity of the serous (external) layer in fertilised and unfertilised ova would not now 

 be held. 



Caullery 8 (1914) began where his predecessors left off, viz., the trochophore stage, in 

 which the larva is pyriform (somewhat earlier than in Plate XCIV, fig. 9). The 

 prostomial region is greatly developed, with an apical tuft of cilia, a red eye-spot, and an 

 area with large touches of yellow pigment more or less disposed in three concentric belts. 

 The pre-oral ciliated ring (prototroch) is well developed, with the mouth behind it, whilst 

 on each side is a tuft of long, jointed and barbed bristles inserted into a differentiated 

 region with muscles. At the posterior end are a few touches of yellow pigment. The 

 accomplished French author points out that it is difficult to distinguish this early stage 

 from larval Spionids, yet from his studies at Wimereux he clears up the subject by 

 demonstrating that the development of the palps in the Sabellarian is much less rapid 

 than m the Spionids, which also develop, as the larva elongates, simple capillary bristles 

 in the segments behind (Plate XCIV, figs. 10 and 12), and which, like the jointed forms, 

 are provisional bristles during the pelagic stage. Finally, the anal ring of cilia is much 

 more conspicuous in the Sabellarian larva (Plate XCIV, fig. 11). As Canllery's species 

 at Wimereux was in all probability Tetreres (Pallasia) murata, Allen, the figures in the 

 Monograph (Plate XCIV) slightly differ, and apparently are those of Sabellaria 

 spinulosa, Leuckart. 



Caullery describes and figures four subsequent stages, the second (that already 

 described being the first) showing more distinct segmentation , two eyes, increased 

 pigmentation, and in the middle two violet rings. In the third stage there are three 



i i 



2 ( 



Proceed. E. S. E./ 1876—7, p. 10 (sep. copy). 



Catal. Cha3fcop. Brit. Mus./ p. 100. 

 ' Ann. Sc. Nat. Zool./ 3 e ser., t. viii, 1847, and t. x, 1848. 



Versl. Med. K. Akad. Vet. Amsterdam/ 2 e R., 16 Th., 1881. 

 'Beitr. Entwickel. Polycha3t./ 2 tes Heft, Wien, 1885. 



Bull. Soc. Zool. France/ t. xxxix, p. 168, with text-figs. 



7 ' Ann. Sc. Nat. Zool./ 3 e ser., t. viii, p. 99. 



8 Op. cit., p. 169. 



4 < 



5 

 6 t 



