56 LAGIS KOKENL 



tubes and annelids occur together along with small sea-mice, moliusca and Crustacea in 

 the stomachs of the fishes mentioned. It is possible that some may be seized as they 

 project their tubes from the surface of the sand during their movements. 



In an example removed from, its tube for some days a milky fluid was discharged 

 posteriorly ; this consisted of ovoid or rounded granular bodies having motionless proto- 

 plasmic processes attached. Similar bodies seem to be present in the narrow end of a 

 tube of Amphicterie auricoma from Norway, since the tube is too slender for the example 

 of Lagis beside it. The whole mass formed a plug in the narrow end of the tube, and 

 probably represented immature male elements. Arnold Watson has noticed similarly that 

 sperms were discharged from the smaller end of the tube in a voluminous stream per 

 anum, the specimen subsequently dying on the third day. He thinks that normally the 

 sperms are emitted by the nephridia. 



A small ascidian (A. sordida) had fixed itself on the wide end of a broken tube, filling 

 up the entire aperture. 1 



As Dr. Johnston does not include this species in his list (1865) it is possible that it 

 was confounded with Pectinaria, belgica. 



Marenzeller (1874), in a careful digest, showed the identity of Pectinaria neapolitana, 

 Claparede, and P. Malmgreni, Grube, with this species. 



Cunningham and Ramage (1888) describe the dorsal blood-vessel as formed by blood- 

 sinuses on the gut — communicating with a ventral sinus, which at the commencement of 

 the pharynx forms a circum-intestinal ring opening into the dorsal heart — with its cardiac 

 body. There are three pairs of nephridia. The nephrostome of the first is on the anterior 

 side of the septum behind the buccal segment. They mention a milk-white gland which 

 opens by a duct between the nephridial opening and the first branchia. The second 

 nephridium is in the fifth, and the third in the sixth segment. They saw sperms pass 

 out by the nephridiopores. The species is termed Pectinaria belgica by Cunningham 2 in 

 another communication. 



There is no doubt that Hornell's (1891) P. belgica is this species, and as Malaquin 

 (1 890) also observes that his P. belgica is very common at Boulogne in all probability it 

 is the same form. 



Lo Bianco 3 (1893) observes that Lagis Koreni, Malmgren, is synonymous with 

 Pectinaria belgica, Pall., and it is true some authors confused the two species, yet they are 

 essentially distinct. 



De St. Joseph (1898) gives a detailed account of this species externally and internally, 

 including the alimentary canal, the circulatory system, with the " heart," nervous system, 

 segmental organs, respiratory system, coelom and glands. He also found an encysted 

 Distome, besides Gregarines in the intestine and in the coelom. 



Arnold Watson 4 (1913) supplements Fauvel's observation that the water necessary 

 for respiration and for stirring up the sand-grains beneath the surface is, by a kind of 

 peristaltic action of the animal, drawn or pumped through the tube, entering by the upper 



1 ' Invertebrates and Fishes of St. Andrews/ pi. ix ; fig. 1. 



2 'Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci./ vol. xxviii, p. 253. 



3 ' Atti Accad. Sc. Fis. Math./ vol. v, p. 47. 



4 ' Kept. Brit. Assoc,/ 1913 and 1919. 



