226 



SABELLA PENICILLUS. 



1896. 

 1897. 

 1898. 

 1901. 

 1902. 



1904. 

 1906. 

 1909. 



1910. 



)) 

 1911. 

 1912. 

 1913. 



1914. 



1915. 



1916. 

 1917. 



Sahella 



pavonina, Konle. Camp. " Caudan " (Ann. Univ. Lyon), p. 161. 

 pavonia, Michaelsen. Polych. deutsch. Meere., p. 182. 



„ Idem. Gronland-Annel., p. 130. 

 pavonina, Whiteaves. Mar. Invert. E. Canada, p. 72. 



„ Marenzeller. Denkschr. Mat.-Nat. CI. Kaiser], Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ed. Ixxiv, 

 p. 23. 



„ Journ. M. B. A., vol. vii, p. 231. 



„ Bohn. Ann. Sc. nat., 9 e ser., t. iii, p. 129 (movements). 



„ Fauvel. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., cxlii, p. 41. 



„ Lo Bianco. Mitt. Zool. St. Neap., Bd. xix, p. 586. 



„ Fauvel. Ann. Sc. nat., 9 e ser., t. x, p. 209. 



„ Southern. Proc. Boy. Irish Acad., vol. xxviii, p. 241. 



„ Elwes. Journ. M. B. A., vol. ix, p. 65. 

 pavonia, Riddell. Proc. Liverpool Biol. Assoc, vol. xxv, p. 64. 

 pavonina, Crawshay. Journ. M. B. A., vol. ix ; p. 346. 



,, Griard. CEuvres Diverses, p. 57. 

 pavonia, Hofsommer. Wiss. Meeresunters. Kiel, Bd. xv, p. 317, Taf. iv, figs. 1 and 2. 

 pavonina, Southern. Proc. Boy. Irish Acad., vol. xxxi, No. 47, p. 138. 



„ Fauvel. Campag. Scient. Monaco, xlvi, p. 312. 



„ Allen. Journ. M. B. A., vol. x, p. 641. 



,, Southern. Irish Sc. Invest., No. 3, p. 49. 

 penicillus, Mcintosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. xvi, p. 2. 

 pavonina, Bioja. Anel. Poliq. Cantab., p. 63. 



Habitat. — Tossed on shore in great numbers after storms on the West Sands, St. 

 Andrews, and the tube is often encrusted by Alcyonium digitoium. It was a common 

 accompaniment of other forms from deep water entangled in the lines of the fishermen ; 

 Moray Firth; Orkneys (Fauvel) ; Dingle Bay, Ireland, 50 fathoms; Shetland (J. G. J.); 

 Plymouth (Spence Bate and P. Rowe, Allen, Crawshay) ; Dublin Bay, Blacksod Bay and 

 West Coast, Ireland (Southern) ; Torquay Harbour (Elwes) ; off Forth (Cunningham 

 and Ramage). In the river Roach, near Burnham, Essex, the tubes are usually small 

 (Punnett), whereas in the Channel they are the size of block-tin gaspipes (British 

 Museum). It is common on the south coast and all along the eastern and western shores. 

 Norway (H. Rathke) ; North Sea (Kroyer) ; Greenland (Michaelsen) ; in 81 fathoms 

 (326 metres?) off Cape Finisterre, "Porcupine," 1870; Sweden (Malmgren) ; shores of 

 France (De Quatrefages, De St. Joseph); shores of Cantabria (Rioja); Canada (Whiteaves); 

 Atlantic coast, U.S.A. (Stimpson, Verrill) ; Naples, in a depth of 25 — 100 metres in a 

 colony with Aglaojphenia myriophyllum (Lo Bianco). 



When the branchise of this species are thrown off the cephalic region presents a 

 truncated surface, in the centre of which is a frilled eminence which, when carefully 

 inspected, shows two lateral membranous wings, which unite in the middle line below and 

 send a process ventrally between the two great ventral laminas, whilst the upper edges 

 pass above the mouth in a series of short frills. In the mid-dorsal line over the mouth 

 is a triangular flap with an acute apex, the base of which is grooved dorsally, the whole 

 resembling an epistome. Dorsally the cephalic plate is deeply grooved by the dorsal 



