Explanation of Figures. 

 Plate XL. 



Gola Tappar, a grassland, which is believed to have originated from a clearing being 

 made in Sal Forest for purposes of cultivation. Note the dense wall of Sal Forest surround- 

 ing the grassland; the Himalayas are seen in the distance. 



This grassland is annually fired, but is closed to grazing. The Sal-locality-indicating 

 grass Saccharum Narenga is common in this area, but note the inferior dimensions attained 

 as compared with those shown in Plates XI and XII. In parts of this area, also, the 

 xerophilous Androyogon contortus is dominant. These characteristics indicate a drying 

 up of the soil, which has been probably caused partly by the surrounding forest interfering 

 with the free circulation of air currents and thus causing intense insolation, but which has 

 undoubtedly been accentuated by the annual fires. 



Photograph taken January 1910. 



