116 Progress of the Trigonometrical Survey. [No. 2, 
and causing lateral refraction to perplex and weary the observer, and 
impair his measures. The principal operations consist of 38 triangles, 
extending over a distance of 132 miles from a side of the Indus series 
below Mitunkote to the vicinity of Pak Puttun. Being entirely in 
the plains they cover an area of only 1,960 miles. 
11. Lieutenant Herschel reports that “all the principal towns 
and villages along the line of the series have been fixed where practi- 
cable. They are necessarily few in number, as the country is more 
and more thinly populated from Ahmedpur eastwards as far as the 
British boundary. From Bahawulpore to Fazilka, the towns become 
fewer and of less importance, reaching a climax of insignificance in 
Bahawulgurh, the capital of nearly half the whole state, which is 
nothing but a hamlet without a single pucka house in it, and deriv- 
ing its importance apparently from nothing but the prestige of an 
old ruined fort, and the residence in it of the temporary holder of the 
largest (but by no means the richest) Kardari in the states. The 
country is singularly poor in mosques, temples, tombs, or indeed pro- 
minent buildings of any kind.” 
12. The Ranoon Merripionat Serres,* under the charge of H. 
Keelan, Esq., first Assistant Great Trigonometrical Survey, has ad- 
vanced a distance of 176 miles, by 33 principal triangles, arranged in 
quadrilaterals and hexagons, covering an area of 4,130 square miles. 
It has laid down the positions of Jeypoor, Ulwar, Deoli, Boondi and 
numerous other places of importance. In one more field season, it 
should reach the Longitudinal Series between Calcutta and Karachi, 
where it will terminate. The published Charts of the Kotah and 
Boondi territories indicate a succession of hills over which it was 
supposed that the triangulation might have been carried and com- 
pleted last season. But the ground was found to be the very reverse 
of what had been expected, and to require the construction of towers, 
thereby protracting the operations into another season. 
13. The Goornacure MeEripionar SERIES,f under the charge of 
ic Mr. Keelan employed Colonel Waugh’s 2-feet Theodolite No. 1, in his 
triangulation. The average error of his 33 triangles is 0.36. The mean proba- 
bility af angular error is 0.80, between extremes of 0.12, and 0.55. Azimuth 
observations were taken at 3 stations. The secondary triangulation covers an 
area of 7,040 square miles, 
+ Mr. Shelverton employed Colonel Waugh’s 2-feet Theodolite No. 2 in his 
triangulation. The average error of his 50 triangles is 0’’.54, The mean proba- 
bility of angular error is 0.46 between extremes of 0,19 and 0.87. Azimuth 
