1863. ] Memoranda on the Peshawur Valley. 219 
Memoranda on the Peshawur Valley, chiefly regarding its Flora.— 
By J. L. Stewart, Hsq., M. D. 
The Peshawur valley, from its position between two great botani- 
eal regions, the Oriental and the Indian, possesses greater interest in 
the eyes of botanists than its meagre Flora would otherwise entitle 
it to, and as no account of its botany has been published, I have been 
induced to arrange for publication all that I was able to collect on 
this and some allied subjects during several years’ residence there. 
So far as I am aware, but little had been done in botanizing in the 
district previous to 1856. Griffith had at various times spent a few 
days at Peshawur, during our occupation of Affghanistan in 1839-40. 
Dr. T. Thomson also had visited it about the same time, and some 
ten years later a collection of Peshawur plants, with the extent of 
which I am unacquainted, had been made by Major Vicary of the 
Bengal Army. 
Under these circumstances, I am fortunate in having had it in 
my power to botanize pretty extensively in the valley, in which and 
its neighbourhood, I resided from July 1856 to February 1861, (with 
the exception of eight months in 1857, when I was absent on service 
at Delhi). During that period I was able to avail myself of several 
opportunities for visiting places that are not readily accessible to the 
European traveller, who, in that district, if he stray beyond canton- 
ments, runs a chance of being shot by some fanatic Mussalman, 
wishing to gain a cheap entrance to Paradise by murdering a 
Faringi. Near the cantonment of Peshawur, this risk is greatest 
towards the Khaiber pass, and towards Fort Bara, and the police have 
strict orders to watch over any European going to even a short dis- 
tance in either of these directions. 
During the greater part of the time I have mentioned, I resided at 
Peshawur itself, but I was also stationed for shorter periods at Murdan, 
Nowshera, Attock and Campbellpore, (and although the last is a few 
miles Cis-Indus, its Flora is almost identical with that of the Peshawur 
valley, and may well be included in it.) Opportunities also occurred of 
traversing part of the Chinglai hills to the North Hast of the valley, 
with the Expedition under General Cotton in April and May, 1858, 
when we reached about 5,000 feet above the sea; of herborizing on 
