1863. | Memoranda on the Peshawur Valley. 259 
Grewia oppositifolia is probably the plant (in Pushtu pastawane, 
literally “soft tree’) mentioned by Vigne as that from which the 
inhabitants of the Suliman range make their bows. It is frequent 
Trans-Indus, and is the ddman of the Punjab, where its elastic wood 
is used for making buggy-shafts, banghy-sticks, &c. 
Dodonza Burmanniana is one of the most characteristic plants of 
the dry rocky lower ranges to 4000, feet, Trans-Indus. It is a very 
handsome evergreen shrub, and does admirably for hedges. This 
plant is often called “ bog-myrtle” by Europeans, why I know not. 
Peganum Harmala is probably the most common of the larger 
herbaceous plants from Peshawur to Dehra Ismail Khan, and is 
doubtless the species “like Devil in the Bush,” alluded to by Elphin- 
stone as common near Peshawur, and surmised by Royle (appendix 
to Vigne’s Kashmir) to be Nigella—sativa. 
The Haplophyllum was only found in one spot, in one season. 
Celastrus parviflora is one of the characteristic plants of the dry 
tracts near the base of the hills ; it grows to be a largish shrub. 
The new (?) species of Sageretia (mtmdnt) is also very common 
in similar places to the last, and throughout the Trans-Indus hills 
generally to 4,000 feet. Its fruit which is not unlike the bilberry, is 
small, but when fresh is pleasant and sweet. Itis the madmunna of Grif- 
fiths and is well-known in the bazars of Peshawur and Afighdnistan. 
Under Rhamnus virgatus have probably been confounded two 
species, one (or both) of which is common on most of the Trans- 
Indus hills. 
Of Rhus Kakrasinghee (acuminata?) in Pushtu shkne, I have 
only seen a very few trees beyond the Indus; Griffith hints at the 
shne (schnee) of Affehanistan being a Xanthoxylon. This name 
thas at different times been applied by Affghans to each and all of 
the species of Rhus and Pistacia that I have ever shewn them. The 
present species produces beautifully marked wood—the Auwkkar of the 
Himalaya—for furniture, desks, &c.; and is subject to the growth of 
large, red, fleshy excrescences upon its leaves (as is also the case 
with Pistacia Cabulica or Atlantica in Belichistan, according to 
Stocks,) which are employed medicinally by the natives. 
Crotalaria Burhia was not met with in the Peshawur ville 
although it is common near Campbellpore, a few miles to the east of 
Attock, and abundant at many places to the south of Peshawur. The 
