1863. | Memoranda on the Peshawur Valley. 261 
I may remark that lere, as elsewhere in the Punjab and in the 
N. W. Provinces, Anagallis arvensis is always the variety 6 cerulea, 
while every specimen I saw in the valley of Kashmir, had the usual 
scarlet corolla of the British plant. 
Reptonia buxifolia is a large shrub common towards the skirts of 
the hills, and to 3,000 feet, throughout the Trans-Indus districts. 
Its wood is small but hard and fine grained, and its fruit is the well- 
known gurgura of the Affghans, collected in April for sale, but which 
is miserable eating, and by no means deserves their panegyrics. 
Olea Europea is very common, Trans-Indus, as well as throughout 
the Western Punjab, in similar situations to the last. It is a small 
tree, furnishing a good deal of strong hard wood used for making 
agricultural implements, and for the kneed timbers of boats, &c. The 
supply for the Government boat-yards at Attock is brought chiefly 
from the direction of Nilab. Elphinstone mentions that its fruit is 
eaten both fresh and dried, by the Sheraunees, but I could discover 
no trace of such an usage among the Affghans, and the amount of 
fleshy pericarp is very much less than in the European olive. 
Rhazzya stricta is here (as further east in the Punjab) a characteris- 
tic shrub, being so abundant in some parts of the valley that its dried 
branches are commonly used as fuel. It seldom exceeds 2 or 23 feet 
in height, and its resemblance to the oleander (noted by Vicary in his 
paper on the Sind Flora, J. A.S.) accounts for its Pushttii name 
being a modification of the Hindustani name of the latter. 
Periploca aphylla, which occurs as far east as the hills north of 
Jhelum (and in the Salt range near that place where it was first 
found in India by Jacquemont), and which is common in most places 
Trans-Indus.(to Sind, see Vicary) is so abundant in some parts of the 
valley, as to be in common use as fuel. In one place, Cis-Indus, the 
young shoots are eaten as sag. 
The species of Boucerosia, not yet determined (I have only been 
fortunate enough to get it once in flower and fruit) has a distribution 
similar to that of the Periploca, than which it is, however, very much 
less abundant. ‘The appearance of its bunches of short tetragonal 
stems has suggested its Persian name panj angusht, five fingers, and 
one of its Punjabi names chdr angli, four fingers. Its taste is intense- 
ly bitter, and as in the case of most plants which have a very decided 
flavour, salutary effects are attributed to it by Pathans and Punjabis, 
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