1863. | Memoranda on the Peshawur Valley. 263 
implies, and information received from Dr. Bellew regarding the 
practice at Candahar, authenticates its occasional use in Affghanistan 
as a coagulant, but this does not appear to be the case at Peshawur. 
Masson mentions its seeds as being useful in colic, &c., and this 
seems probable from the known sedative effects of W. somniferum. 
Hyoscyamus pusillus was only found, in successive years, in one 
place, where it was pretty common in several fields. 
Of Scopolia przalta only one plant was found near Peshawur, but 
I have frequently got it at places further to the south. 
It is rather singular that although Solanum gracilipes is common 
beyond the Indus about Kohat and to the south, (as in the Cis-Indus 
salt range when Jacquemont originally collected it) it was nowhere 
got in the Peshawur valley. 
The species of Dicliptera is abundant in shady spots every where, 
Trans-Indus, and Adhatoda vasica is, near Peshawur, as elsewhere in 
the Punjab and North West Provinces, a very common plant. 
Mentha incana is profuse by canals, &c. In one spot many plants 
occurred having each spike contracted into a quasi-capitulum. 
Of Eremostachys laciniata, in successive seasons, no more than a 
single plant was to be found, 
Ballota limbata is common in dry rocky places near the skirts of 
the valley. It extends eastward at least to Jhelum. 
Of Plantago bauphula there are two tolerably distinct varieties, 
both of which are abundant. Both Plantago major and P. lanceolata 
are very rare, and only found near water; while P. eriantha (?) is 
common in the most arid spots. 
Salvadora is frequent towards the base of the hills. In some 
places, Trans-Indus, powerful aphrodisiac qualities are attributed to 
the fruit of this plant, but it is probable that the circumstances under 
which it is collected—where the male and female inhabitants of 
whole villages turn out into the “jungle” to gather it,—rather than 
any quality of the fruit itself, afford an explanation of the results 
attributed to the latter. 
No fewer than twelve species of Salsolacez are found, most of them 
being very common, near Peshawur, and several additional species 
were got beyond the Indus to the south of the valley. We may note 
this in connection with the two or three species of this order found 
wild in the N. W. Provinces, and the twenty-two species (as given 
2 2 
