264 Memoranda on the Peshawur Valley. [No. 3, 
in Decandolle’s Prodromus) contained in Griffiths’ Affghanistan 
Herbarium, while in the Siberian Flora, the number is very much 
larger still. Of those found in the Peshawur district the most common 
are Anabasis multiflora, Sueda fruticosa, Caroxylon Griffithu, and 
Panderia pilosa, the last being the tallest and most bushy. So far 
as I am aware none of the Salsolacee are here applied to any use, but 
J understand that in the arid tracts between Lahore and Miltan, 
immense quantities of an impure alkali are extracted from the ashes 
of several of them (known by the general name of lane or lana) for 
export to other districts. 
‘rua Javanica is very abundant, and grows in the driest places, 
often to upwards of five feet in height. It varies much in habit and 
in the form and size of its leaves. 
Rumex vesicarius is common in dry rocky or shingly situations. 
R. hastatus is only found at some height ahove the plain. 
Thymelea arvensis is an abundant field weed,: with a marked 
variety less common than the ordinary form. 
The species of Alnus was only met with near the debouchement of 
the Swat river from the hills, near which place it is common, but 
stunted. 
Quercus Ilex, I procured from the Khyber Pass where it must be 
abundant, as its wood is one of the commonest brought in for fuel to 
the cantonment of Peshawur. 
Forskihlea tenacissima is not uncommon on dry rocky spots. It 
varies very much in habit, being sometimes short stemmed, low and 
scrambling, and at others tall, erect and half-shrubby. Its leaves 
also vary much according to age, in texture and “ tenacity.” 
Pinus longifolius I have collected at about 4,000 feet above the 
sea, in the hills to the North-Hast of the valley, and I procured it 
from the hills above Abazéi towards Swat, where it is said to be 
abundant. It is notable that there should be none (nor was Quercus 
Ilex met with) on the hills to the south of the valley, which rise to 
5,000 feet above the sea. Nor did we reach it on the Waziri expedi- 
tion into the Suliman range North-West of Dehra Ismail Khan, 
when we attained 8,500 feet, and where its lower limit (forests of it 
were seen above us, and I picked up its cones in stream-beds)—was 
certainly not under 9,000 feet. The comparative drought has doubt- 
less much to do with this. The Affghan name of the tree is nakhtar, 
