4.20 Aornos. [No. 4, 
than Arrian, in spite of the contrary assurance, given at the outset of 
that paper and carefully maintained throughout. 
Although ourselves satisfied that the Mahabunn is the Aornos of 
history, we think the question quite open to discussion. We believe 
that the epithet of “rock” given to what Arrian’s account clearly 
defines to have been an immense table mountain, has been the great 
difficulty hitherto in the search. Curtius’ imagination immediately 
depicted 1t, as an obelisk of rock rising out of the Indus: and being 
more popular than Arrian, he has led many astray. But Arrian’s ac- 
count so distinctly lays down which part of the river to search for 
Aornos, viz., the neighbourhood of Umb Balimah, Bajra, Oora and 
Moosagurh, that the mountain in their neighbourhood forming the 
ordinary refuge of the Eusufzye, abounding in springs, grass, wood, 
and arable land, must needs be Aornos. And excepting the Mahabunn, 
which can turn out 12,000 matchlockmen, there is no such mountain 
on the right bank of the Indus. 
Hitherto no British traveller has passed up the Indus higher than 
Umb, and to search higher for Aornos would be to no purpose, because 
no mountain higher up could have been the refuge of the Asupzye. 
But in cross-questioning native travellers, I discovered that there 
exists a white rock, (perhaps of milky quartz) on the right bank of 
the Indus, in the river basin, about fifty miles above Umb, called to 
this day “ Tchitta Butt Kephale Bous.” The first two words in the 
Punjaub dialect signifying “the white rock” and the two latter bemg 
manifestly Greek, signifying the “ Bull’s Head,” which was also the 
name of Alexander’s celebrated charger. So far as I can learn, there 
is no longer any carving on the rock; but it seems not umprobable 
that there may have been a basso-relievo of Boukephalon in former 
days. The bigotry of the Muhummadans causes them to deface all 
sculptured figures of men or animals. It is the only instance I have 
discovered of a Greek name in a country abounding in coins bearing 
Greek Inscriptions. JI mention this not as connected with Aornos 
but in order that it may be borne in mind by persons making enqui- 
ries in that corner of the Punjaub. During the eight years I was 
employed in Huzara, I was too much overworked to take even one 
week’s leave of absence for the purpose of exploring. 
PPP DIP PSS PAPI PDAS PIED ee 
