Archeological Survey Report. XXi 
the Mahdbhérata. Fa-Hian states that the “five hills form a girdle 
like the walls of a town,” which is an exact description of the site 
of old Rajgir. A similar description is given by Turnour from the 
Pali annals of Ceylon, where the five hills are named Gijjhakuto, 
Isigilt, Webharo, Wepullo, and Pandawo. In the Mahabharata the 
five hills are named Vathdra, Varéha, Vrishabha, Rishigiri, and 
Chaityaka ; but at present they are called Baibhar-giri, Vipula-giri, 
Ratna-giri, Udaya-giri, and Sona-giri. 
52. In the inscriptions of the Jain temples on Mount Baibhdr, 
the name is sometimes written Baibhara, and sometimes Vyavahdra. 
Jt is beyond all doubt the Webharo Mountain of the Pali annals, 
on whose southern face was situated the far-famed Sattapanni Cave, 
in front of which was held the first Buddhist Synod in 543 B. C, 
This cave still exists under the name of Son Bhandar, or “ Treasury 
of gold.” 
53. Ratnagiri is due east, one mile distant from the Son Bhandar 
Cave. This situation corresponds exactly with Fa-Hian’s position 
of the “ Pipal Tree Cave,” in which Buddha after his meals was 
accustomed to meditate. It was situated at 5 or 6 li (about one 
mile) to the east of the cave of the First Synod. The hill of Ratna- 
giri is therefore identical with the Pandawo Mountain of the Pali 
annals, in which Buddha dwelt, and which in the Lalita-Vistara is 
always styled the “ King of Mountains.” A paved zigzag road now 
leads from the eastern side of old Rajagriha to a small Jain temple 
on the top of Ratnagiri, which is frequently visited by Jains. I 
would identify it with the Rishigiri of the Mahabharata. 
54. Mount Vipula is clearly identical with the Wepullo of the 
Pali annals, and as its summit is now crowned with the ruins of a 
lofty stwpa or chaitya, which is noticed by Hwen Thsang, I would 
identify it with the Chaityaka of the Mahabharata. Regarding the 
other two mountains, I have nothing at present to offer, but I may 
mention that they are also crowned with small Jain temples. 
55. The old city between the hills is described by Fa-Hian to 
be 5 or 6 Zi from east to west, and 7 or 8 di from north to south, 
that is, from 24 to 28 i or 43 miles in circuit. Hwen Thsang makes 
it 30 Zi or 5 miles in cireuit, with its greatest length from east to 
west. My survey of the ancient ramparts gives a circuit of 24,500 
feet, or 43th miles, which is between the two statements of the 
