XXxil Archeological Survey Report. 
Chinese pilgrims. The greatest length is from north-west to south- 
east, so that there is no real discrepancy between the two statements 
as to the direction of the greatest length of the old city. Each of 
them must have taken his.measurement from the Nekpai embankment 
on the east (which has been described by Major Kittoe) to some 
point on the north-west. If taken to the Panch-Pandu angle of the 
ramparts, the direction would be W. N. W., and the length upwards 
of 8,000 feet ; but if taken to the temple of Torha Devi, the direction 
would be N. N. W., and the distance upwards of 9,000 feet. 
56. Ihave already quoted Fa-Hian’s statement that the “five 
hills form a girdle like the walls of a town.” This agrees with Hwen 
Thsang’s description, who says that “high mountains surround it 
on four sides, and form its exterior walls, which have a circuit of 150 
iv” or 25 miles. For this number I propose to read 50 li or 83 miles, 
a correction which is absolutely necessary to make the statement 
tally with the measurements of my survey. ‘The following are the 
direct distances between the hills :— 
ie Erom Barbharito Wipulla ye, i) cure. cee 2,000 teats 
Vipula; to Raima, ie eee... 4,500 ,, 
atnatto Wicdaya: = kes. ee sees ee 830007 & 
Widava tolSona = O08 Sie ems SAO UO mer 
Fy eon vo! Barbhar i) ee Boteawenkes 2,000... 
MH o9 to 
Total...... 41,000 ,, 
This is somewhat less than eight miles, but if the ascents and 
descents are taken into account, the actual length will correspond 
very closely with the statement of Hwen Thsang when corrected to 
50 li. The old walls forming this exterior line of rampart are still 
to be seen in many places. I traced them from Vipulagiri over 
Ratnagiri to the Nekpai embankment, and thence onwards over 
Udayagiri, and across the southern outlet of the valley to Sonagiri. 
Across this outlet, the walls, which are stillin good order, are 13 
feet thick. To obtain a circuit of 25 miles, as given in Hwen 
Thsang’s text, it would be necessary to carry these ramparts as far 
as Giryek on the east. As similar ramparts exist on the Giryek 
Hill, it is perhaps possible that Hwen Thsang intended to include it 
in the circuit of his outer walls. But this immense cireuit would not 
