Archeological Survey Report. XXIiL 
at all agree with his statement that “hich mountains surround the 
eity on four sides,” for the distant Hill of Giryek cannot in any 
way be said to form one of the sides of old Rajagriha. 
57. The new town of Rajagriha is said to have been built by 
King Srenika, otherwise called Bimbisdra, the father of Ajdtasatru, 
the contemporary of Buddha. Its foundation cannot therefore be 
placed later than 560 B. C. according to Buddhist chronology. In 
Hwen Thsang’s time (A. D. 629—642), the outer walls had already 
become ruinous, but the inner walls were still standing, and occupied 
a circuit of 20 d2 (33 miles). This statement corresponds tolerably 
well with the measurements of my survey, which make the circuit 
of the ramparts somewhat less than 3 miles. Buchanan calls new 
Rajagriha an irregular pentagon of 12,000 yards in diameter. ‘This 
is clearly a misprint for 1,200 yards, which would give a circuit of 
11,300 feet, or 24 miles ; but this was probably the interior measure- 
ment, which according to my survey is 13,000 feet. The plan of 
new Rajagriha I make out to be an irregular pentagon of one long 
side and four nearly equal sides, the whole circuit being 14,260 feet 
outside the ditches, or rather less than 3 miles. 
58. On the south side towards the hills a portion of the interior, 
2,000 feet long and 1,500 feet broad, has been cut off to form a 
citadel. ‘The stone walls retaining the earthen ramparts of this 
work are still in good order in many places. It is possible that this 
work may be of later date, as suggested by Buchanan, but I am of 
opinion that it was simply the citadel of the new town, and that 
its walls have suffered less from the effects of time, owing partly to 
their having been more carefully and more massively built than the 
less important ramparts of the town, and partly to their having been 
occasionally repaired as a Military position by the authorities, while 
the repairs of the town walls were neglected as being either un- 
necessary or too costly. 
59. The existing remains at Rajagriha are not numerous. The 
place has been occupied at different times by Musalmans and Brah- 
mans, by whom the Buddhist stupas and vihars were pulled down 
to furnish materials for tombs, masjids, and temples. All the 
eminences that must once have been crowned by objects of Buddhist 
worship are now covered with Muhammadan graves; and all the 
Grahmanical temples about the hot springs have been constructed 
