Archeological Survey Report. XXVil 
Baibhar, and the other half at the western foot of Mount Vipula. 
The former are named as follows: 1.—Ganga-Jamna; 2.—Anant 
Rikhi; 8.—Sapt Rikhi; 4.—Bhahm-kind; 5.—Kasyapa Rikhi; 
6.—Byas-ktnd ; and 7.—Markand-kund. The hottest of these are 
the springs of the Sapt Rikhi. The hot springs of Mount Vipula 
are named as follows: 1.—Sita-kind; 2.—Suraj-kind ; 3.—Ganes- 
kind ; 4.—Chandrama-kind; 5. 
kind. The last spring has been appropriated by the Musalmans, 
by whom it is called Makhdum-kund, after a celebrated Saint named 
Chilla Shah whose tomb is close to the spring. It is said that Chilla 
Ram-kand ; and 6-—Sringgi-Rikhi- 
was originally called Chilwa, and, that he was an Ahir. He must 
therefore have been a converted Hindu. 
VIII.— Baragaon. 
67. Due north from Rajgir and 7 miles distant lies the village 
of Baragaon, which is quite surrounded by ancient tanks and ruined 
mounds, and which possesses finer and more numerous specimens of 
sculpture than any other place that I have visited. The ruins at 
Baragaon are so immense that Dr. Buchanan was convinced it must 
have been the usual residence of the King; and he was informed by 
a Jain priest at Bihar, that it was the residence of Raja Srenika and 
his ancestors. By the Brahmans these ruins are said to be the ruins 
of Kundilpur, a city famed as the birth-place of Rukmini, one of the 
wives of Krishna. But as Rukmini was the daughter of Raja Bhishma, 
of Vidarbha, or Berar, it seems probable that the Brahmans have 
mistaken Berar, for Bihar, which is only 7 -miles distant from 
Baragaon. I therefore doubt the truth of this Brahmanical tradition, 
more especially as I can show beyond all doubt that the remains at 
Baragaon are the ruins of Nalanda, the most famous seat of Buddhist 
learning in all India. 
68. Fa-Hian places the hamlet of Nalo at one yojan, or 7 miles 
from the Hill of the Isolated Rock, that is, from Giryek, and also 
the same distance from new Rajagriha, This account agrees exactly 
with the position of Baragaon, with respect to Giryek and Rajetr. 
In the Pali annals of Ceylon also Nalanda is stated to be one yojan 
distant from Rajagriha. Again Hwen Thsang deseribes Nalanda as 
being 7 yojans, or 49 miles, distant from the holy Pipal tree at 
Buddha Gaya, which is correct if measured by the road, the direct 
distance measured on the map being 40 miles. He also describes 
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