xR Archaeological Survey Report. 
Kashmir. Now I possess several copper coins of Mihirakula, as well 
as of Hiranyakula and Gokarna, all of which are certainly of later 
date than Mr. Bayley’s gold coin of Pravarasena, and the well 
known copper dinars of Toramana of Kashmir. In fact the coins of 
Gokarna appear to be but little earlier than those of the Karkota dy- 
nasty, which dates from A. D. 625. The date of Mihirakula and of his 
contemporary Laladitya may therefore be assumed at between A. D. 
500 and 550. 
74, I may further mention that we possess gold coins of a 
Baladitya, who in all probability is the same as Hwen Thsang’s King 
of Nalanda. THis coins, which have been chiefly discovered in the 
districts of Patna and Benares, are similar in type execution to the 
two Hindu gold coins found by Masson in one of the Hidda Topes 
in company with gold coins of Theodosius, Marcian, and Leo. As 
the last of these princes died in A. D. 474, the Hindu coins may be 
assigned with great probability to the following century. 
75. To the south of the monastery there was a tank in which 
the dragon, or Naga, Nalanda was said to dwell, and the place was 
named after him Nalanda. There is still existing immediately to the 
south of the ruined monastery a small tank called Kargidya Pokhar, 
which answers exactly to the position of the Nalanda tank, and is, I 
have no doubt, the identical pool of the Naga. 
76. As the people have no particular names for the different 
masses of ruin, but simply call them collectively “the mounds,” I 
will, for convenience of description, name each of the principal masses 
after the ancient tank on its western side. Other mounds will be 
described with reference to their relative positions with respect to the 
principal ruins. In my survey of the ruins, I have also attached a 
letter of the alphabet to each separate mound. 
77. Wwen Thsang begins his account with a vihdr, or temple, 
just outside the western wall of the monastery, which had been 
erected on a spot where Buddha had dwelt for three months explain- 
ing the sublime law for the benefit of the gods. This temple I would 
identify with the ruined mound marked A, still 53 feet in height, 
and from 65 to 70 feet in thickness near the top, and which is 
situated immediately to the westward of the ruined monastery. It 
stands to the east of the Panwa tank, and may therefore be called 
the Pinwa mound. My excavations, which were carried down to a 
depth of 17 feet, exposed the straight walls of a temple. 
