Archeological Survey Report. XXX1 
78. To the south, at 100 paces, there was a ‘small stupa, erected 
over a spot where a pious mendicant, from a far country, had per- 
formed the panchdnga, or reverence of the five members (namely 
head, hands, and knees) in honour of Buddha. This stupa is well 
represented by a small mound marked B, which is due south of the 
Panwa Mound. 
79. Still further to the south there was a statue of Avalokiteswara. 
As this statue must have had some kind of covering as a shelter 
from the weather, I believe that it is represented by another small 
ruined mound, marked C, immediately to the south of the last. 
80. To the south of the statue there was a stupa, containing the 
hair and nails of Buddha. Sick people recovered their health by 
making the circuit of this monument. Another mound, marked D, 
to the east of the Rahela tank, corresponds with the position of this 
stupa exactly, as it is due south of the last mound, C. It is still 20 
feet high. I made an excavation in the top which showed that the 
mound had been opened previously, as I found nothing but loose 
rubbish. The solid brick-work on all sides, however, satisfied me 
that it was the ruin of an ancient stupa. 
81. Outside the western wall of the monastery, and close toa 
tank, there was another stupa, erected on the spot where Buddha 
had been questioned by a heretic on the subject of life and death. 
A small mound, marked EH, on the east bank of the Balen tank, 
corresponds exactly with the position of this stupa. 
82. At a short distance to the east there was a lofty vihar, 200 
feet in height, where Buddha had explained the law for four months. 
In the position here indicated, there stands the highest and largest 
of all the mounds, marked F. It is still 60 feet in height, with a 
diameter of 70 feet at 50 feet above the ground, and of 80 feet at 35 
feet above the ground. As the outer edges of the walls are much 
broken, the original size of this massive building at the ground level 
cannot have been much less than 90 feet square. To ascertain its 
probable height, we may compare it with the Great Temple at Buddha 
Gaya, which has a base of 50 feet square, and a height of 160 feet. 
But as the copper gilt amalaka fruit, which once surmounted it, no 
longer exists, the original height cannot have been less than 170 
feet. Now taking the same proportions for the Nalanda temple, we 
may deduce the height by simple rule of three, thus as 50: 170: : 
