xx Archeological Survey Report. 
thers to whom most of the pillars in India are now ascribed. I 
could not learn anything regarding the title of AZdri. There are two 
fine Banian trees close to the pillar, one to the north, and the other 
to the south; but there are no traces of buildings of any kind 
near it. 
XVITI.—Paparaona. 
170. The large village of Padaraona, or Padaravana, is situated 
12 miles to the west of the river Gandak, 27 miles in a direct line 
to the north north-west of Navandgarh Lauriya, and 40 miles to the 
north north-east of Gorakhpur. I believe that it is the ancient 
Pdwd, as it is situated just 12 miles from Kasia, which agrees with 
the position assigned to Pdwd, in the Pali Annals with respect to 
Kusinagara. The very name of Pdwd also seems to be only a cor- 
ruption of Padara-vana, or Padar-ban, which might easily be short- 
ened to Parban, Pdwan, and Paéwé. 
171. The remains at Padaraona consist of a large mound covered 
with broken brick, and a few statues. The mound is 220 feet 
in leneth from west to east, 120 feet in breadth from north to south, 
and 14 feet in height at the western end above the fields. The 
long trench mentioned by Buchanan still exists on the west side, and 
looks as if a wall had been dug out for the sake of the bricks. 
About eight years ago a large hole was excavated to the east of the 
trench by a Zamindar for the sake of bricks. Two houses were 
built of the materials then obtained, but sufficient trace of the walls 
still remains to show that they were in straight lines, one of them 
being parallel to Buchanan’s trench. From this [infer that there was 
a court-yard about 100 feet square, with cells on each side for the 
accommodation of monks. In the centre there was probably either a 
stupa ora temple. Butif I am right in my identification of Pada- 
raona, with Pdwd, the building would almost certainly have been a 
stupa, for we know that the people of Pawa, after the cremation 
of Buddha’s body, obtained one-eighth of the relics, over which they 
erected a stupa. ‘lhe entrance to the court-yard would appear to 
have been on the east side, where the mound is now low and thickly 
covered with bricks. 
172. Ina small roofless brick building at a short distance to the 
northward, there are a few old figures. This temple is dedicated to 
Hathi Bhawani, or the Elephant Goddess, who is accordingly propi- 
