Archeological Survey Report. Ixxv 
the Ramdbhdr Jhil, there is alow mound of brick ruins about 500 
feet square, which is said to have been a kot or fort, and to which no 
name is given, but as it lies close to the village of Anrudhwa on the 
north-west, it may be called the Anrudhwa mound. ‘There is nothing 
now left to show the nature of the buildings which once stood on 
this site; but from the square shape of the ruins, it may be conjec- 
tured with some probability that they must be the remains of a 
monastery. ‘There are three fine Pipal trees now standing on the 
mound. 
181. To the north and east of the mound of Matha Kuiar the 
plain is covered with a number of low grassy mounds, from 3 to 6 
feet in height, and from 12 to 25 feet in diameter. Regarding these 
barrows the people have a tradition that gypsies were formerly very 
numerous about Kasia, and that these mounds are the tumuli of their 
dead. I opened three of them, but without making any discovery. 
They were all formed of plain earth, without any trace of bones, or 
ashes, or broken bricks. ‘lhe people call them simply mounds, but [ 
was informed by an old man that he had heard them styled Bhimdwat, 
and that ghosts were sometimes seen flitting about them. Ifthe 
name of Bhimdwat has any reference to these ghosts, it might perhaps 
be translated as the “ fearsome place ;” but J cannot be certain of 
the spelling, and it is also possible that the old man may not have 
remembered the name correctly. I counted 21 of these mounds, but 
as they are generally not more than 3 or 4 feet in height, it is pro- 
bable that their actual number is much greater. 
182. Ihave already stated that the site of Kasia corresponds, 
both in position and in name, with the ancient city of Ausinagara, 
which was famous throughout India as the scene of Buddha’s death. 
According to Hwen Thsang, Kusinagara was situated at 700 li, or 
116 miles to the north-east of Benares. Now Kasta is 112 miles to 
the north north-east of Benaresin a direct line. Fa-Hian also places 
Kusinagara at a distance of 20 yajanas to the north-west of a place 
which was situated only 8 or 10 miles to the north of Vaisali, where the 
Lichchhavi Nobles had taken a last farewell of Buddha. At 7 miles 
to the yojana, Fa-Hian’s measurement would place Kusinagara at 
148 or 150 miles to the north-west of Vaisali. Now the distance by 
the route which I marched is exactly 140 miles in a north-west 
direction, but as this measurement was taken along the straight lines 
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