lxxvi Archeological Survey Report. 
of road which have been laid out by the British Authorities, the 
actual distance by the old winding native roads must certainly have 
been somewhat greater, or a8 nearly as possible 150 miles. 
183. The only name now associated with the ruins near Kasia is 
that of Wdthd Kudr or the “ Dead Prince.” Mr. Liston gives the name 
as Mata, but a Brahman of the neighbouring village of Bishanpur, 
who wrote the name for me, spelt it as 1 have given it, Mdthd. 
As this spelling points to the derivation of the word from Matha, or 
Matha, “to kill,” I have translated Mdthd Kudr as the “ Dead Prinee,” 
which I refer to Buddha himself after his death, or, in the language 
of the Buddhists, after his obtainment of Nirvdna. Hwen Thsang 
when speaking of Sakya’s assumption of the mendicant’s dress, calls 
him Aumdra Rida, or the “ Royal Prince ;” but although this title was 
never, I believe, applied to him by the learned after his assumption 
of Buddhahood, it does not seem at all improbable that it may 
have remained in common use amongst the people. We know from 
Hwen Thsang that on the spot where Buddha died there was a brick 
vihdr or temple monastery in which was enshrined a recumbent statue 
of Buddha on his death bed, with his head turned to the north. 
Now this statue would naturally have been the principal object of 
veneration at Kusinagara, and although amongst the learned it might 
have been called the “ statue of the Nirvdna’ yet I can readily believe 
that its more popular name amongst all classes would have been the 
“statue of the Dead Prince.” Iam therefore of opinion that the 
name of Mdthaé Kudr, which still clings to the ruins of Kasia, has a di- 
rect reference to the death of Buddha, which according to his followers 
took place at Kusinagara on the full moon of Vaisakh, 5438, B. C. 
184. Owing to the wanderings of the little Gundak river, it is 
somewhat difficult to follow Hwen Thsang’s account of the sacred 
edifices at Kusinagara. The whole of the existing remains are 
situated to the eastward of the Khaniia Ndla, which is only a branch 
er inundation channel of the little Gandak river. All the old chan- 
nels are called Chawar; the Lambuha Chawar, running between the 
two ancient stupas, and the Roha Chawar, or Roha Nala to the east 
of the Ramabhar Tila. An intelligent man, whom I met at Padraona, 
called the stream to the westward of Kasia the Hirana, but the 
people in the villages about the ruin, knew only the Ahaniia Ndla, 
and had never heard of the Hirana. Buchanan, however, calls the 
