lxxx Archeological Survey Report. 
cremation. According to the Pali annals above quoted, the corpse 
must have been burnt somewhere to the eastward of the city, and 
with this account Fa-Hian would seem to agree, for he places the 
scene of Buddha’s death to the northward of the town. Hwen 
Thsang, however, places the site of the cremation to the northward of 
the city, across the river Hiranyavati. I think that these different 
accounts may perhaps be reconciled by identifying the stupa of the 
cremation with the large brick mound called the Rdmabhar Tila, 
which being situated opposite to the north-east corner of the 
Anrudhwa mound (or ancient city as I suppose), might have been 
loosely described by one party as lying to the north, and by the other 
as lying to the east. 
190. But the Ramabhar Tila perhaps corresponds more exactly 
with the site of another stupa, which is described by Hwen Thsang 
as having been built by Asoka near the ancient dwelling of Chanda, 
to the north-east of the city gates. This account, however, is some- 
what vague, as no particular gate is specified. The existence also of a 
second stupa at the south-east foot of the Rdmdbhdr Tila is against this 
identification, as only one stupa is mentioned on this site by Hwen 
Thsang. I am therefore strongly inclined to identify the Rdmibhar 
Tila with the famous cremation stupa ; but if this position should be 
considered too far to the eastward to agree with Hwen Thsang’s 
description, than the cremation tower must have occupied some posi- 
tion to the north of the Anrudhwaé mound, in the very midst of the 
ancient channel of the little Gandak river. I confess, however, that 
my Own opinion is against this conclusion and in favour of the iden- 
tification of the Ramabhar Tila with the cremation stupa. 
XX.—KHUKHUNDO. 
191. On leaving Kusinagara, Hwen Thsang directed his steps 
towards Benares, and after having travelled about 200 Wd (or upwards 
of 30 miles) to the south-west, he reached a large town, in which 
dwelt a very rich Brahman devoted to Buddhism. If we adhere 
closely to the south-west bearing, we must identify this large town 
with Rudrapur, an ancient place 80 miles to the south-east of 
Gorakhpur, and 28 miles in a direct from Kasia. But as Hwen 
Thsang speaks of the Brahman’s hospitality to travellers going and 
coming, it would appear certain that the town must have been on the 
high road leading from Kasia to Benares. Now the high road can 
