Ixxxvi Archeological Survey Report. 
hole still preserved the shape of the walls exactly. In form the 
building was an octagon of 14 feet across, with projections on the 
four sides facing the cardinal points. On the north-east side a por- 
tion of solid brick-work still remained, but not of sufficient thickness 
to show whether the building had been solid or hollow. As far as 
my experience goes, the only buildings of this shape are Buddhist 
stupas as at Dhamnar and Kholvi in Malwa, at Baragaon (or Nalanda) 
in Bihar, and throughout Pegu and Burmah. In all instances the 
four projecting sides form niches for statues of the previous Buddhas. 
In the gigantic Shwe-Dagon stupa at Rangoon these niches are 
expanded into distinct temples enshrining colossal figures. I incline 
therefore to conclude that the building recently excavated in mound 
Z was a Buddhist stupa. But if Brahmanical temples of this form 
have ever been built, I should certainly prefer to consider mound Z 
as the ruin of another orthodox temple, and to add one more to the 
long list of Brahmanical remains at Khukhundo. 
207. With the exception of Baragaon (the ancient Ndlanda), I 
have seen no place where the ruins offer such a promise of valuable 
discovery as at Khukhundo. The mounds are all low, and as they 
appear to be the ruins of temples, the work of excavation would be 
comparatively easy. I think that it would be sufficient to remove the 
top of each mound down to the level of the floor of the building, 
clearing away the rubbish entirely, but leaving the walls standing to 
show the plan of the building. Amongst the rubbish we might 
expect to find both statues and inscriptions, and perhaps other objects, 
all of which would help to throw light on the rise and progress of 
modern Brahmanism, more particularly during the long period of its 
struggles with expiring Buddhism. 
XXJI.—Kanaon. 
208. The village of Kahaon is situated eight miles to the south 
of Khukhundo, and 46 miles to the south-east of Gorakhpur in a 
direct line. To the north of the village there is a stone pillar, and 
also some other remains, which have been described by Dr. Buchanan 
(Hastern India, Vol. 2, p. 366), and by Mr. Liston (Prinsep’s Journal, 
Vol. 7, p. 83.) Dr, Buchanan calls the village Kangho, but the name 
is written Kahaon, or Kahdwan, by the people of the place, and I 
can only surmise that Buchanan’s Aangho may have been originally 
written Kanghon, and that the final nasal has been omitted by mistake, 
