Archeological Survey Report. xcVv 
in a temple 200 feet in height was a copper figure of Buddha 
represented in the act of “turning the wheel of the law.” I found 
numerous statues of Buddha in the same attitude during my explo- 
rations about Sarnath in 1835-36, and Major Kittoe discovered 
several more in 1851-52. I found also many other figures, but those 
of Buddha the “teacher” were the most numerous. The inscribed 
pedestal, found by Dewan Jagat Singh in 1794, also belonged to a 
statue of Buddha the teacher. Similarly at Buddha Gaya, where 
Sakya Sinha sat for six years meditating under the Bodhi tree, the 
favourite statue is that of Buddha the ascetic. 
226. The city of. Benares is situated on the left bank of the 
Ganges, between the Barnd Nadi on the north-east, and the Asi 
Ndla on the south-west. The Barnd or Varand is a considerable 
rivulet, which rises to the north of Allahabad, and has a course of 
about 100 miles. The As? is a mere brook of no length, and owing 
to its insignificant size, it does not appear in any of our most detailed 
maps. It is not entered in the Indian Atlas, Sheet No. 88, which 
is on the scale of 4 miles to the inch, nor even in the larger litho- 
graphed map of the district of Benares on the double scale of 2 miles 
to the inch. This omission has led the learned French Academician 
M. Vivien de Saint Martin to doubt the existence of the Asi as a 
- tributary of the Ganges, and he conjectures that it may be only a 
branch of the Barnd, and that the joint stream called the Vardnasi 
may have communicated its name tothe city. The Ast Nala will 
however be found, as I have described it, in James Prinsep’s map of 
the city of Benares, published by Hullmandel, as well as in the 
small map which I have prepared to illustrate this account of the 
remains at Benares. The position of the As? is also accurately 
described by H. H. Wilson in his Sanskrit dictionary, under the 
word Vardnasi. I may add that the road from Benares to Ramnagar 
crosses the Asz just outside the city, and only a short distance from 
its confluence with the river. The points of junction of both 
streams with the Ganges are considered particularly holy, and 
accordingly temples have been erected both at Barnd Sangam below 
the city, and at Ast Sangam above the city. From the joint names 
of these two streams, which bound the city to the north and south, 
the Brahmans derive Vardnast or Vardnasi, which is said to be the 
Sanskrit form of the name of Benares. But the more usual deriva- 
