cll Archeological Survey Report. 
consists of the usual Buddhist formula or profession of faith, beginning 
with the words “ Ye Dharmmd hetu prabhavd, Sc.,” of which trans- 
lations have been given by Mill, Hodgson, Wilson, and Burnouf. 
The following is Hodgson’s translation, which has received the 
approval of Burnouf:—“ Of all things proceeding from cause, their 
causes hath the Tathdgata (Buddha) explained. The Great Sramana 
(Buddha) hath likewise explained the causes of the cessation of 
existence.” The letters of this inscription, which are all beautifully 
cut, appear to me to be of somewhat earlier date than the Tibetan 
alphabet, which is known to have been obtained from India in the 
middle of the 7th century. JI would therefore assign the inscrip- 
tion, and consequently the completion of the monument, to the 
6th century. 
240. On the 22nd January I began to excavate a horizontal gallery 
on the level of the top of the stone-work, and on the 14th of 
February, at a distance of 44 feet, the gallery joined the shaft, 
which had been sunk from above. As IJ now found that the upper 
course of stone was only a facing, I sank the gallery itself down to 
the level of the stone-work, and continued it right through to the 
opposite side. I thus discovered that the mass of the inner stone- 
work was only 33 feet in height, while the outer stone-work was 43 
feet. In the middle, however, there was a pillar of stone-work, 
rising 6 feet higher than the inner mass. This was perhaps used as 
a point from which to describe the circle with accuracy. Small 
galleries were also made!to reach the tops of the east and west faces, 
but nothing was discovered by these works. 
241. The labour of sinking the shaft through the solid stone- 
work was very great, as the stones which were large (from 2 to 3 
feet in length, 18 inches broad, and 12 inches thick) were all secured 
to each other by iron cramps. ach stone had usually eight cramps, 
four above, and as many below, all of which had to be cut out before 
it could be moved. I therefore sent to Chunar for regular quarry 
men, to quarry out the stones, and the work occupied them for 
several months. At length, at a depth of 110 feet from the top of 
the monument, the stone gave place to brick-work, made of very 
large bricks. Through this the shaft was continued for a further 
depth of 28 feet, when I reached the plain soil beneath the founda- 
tion. Lastly,a gallery was run right through the brick-work of . 
