Archeological Survey Report. CXV 
west to east, and 42 feet broad, and is surrounded by a low wall 8 feet 
thick and 13 foot high above the level of the terraced floor, parts of 
which still remain. Fixed in this wall are the stumps of twelve 
stone pillars, which are split in all directions as if destroyed by fire. 
I agree with Major Kittoe in thinking that this quadrangle is 
probably the ruin of a hospital. 
266. In reply to a question about stone umbrellas, Major Kittoe 
wrote to me as follows: ‘I have got hold of two, one in fragments 
(burnt), of say 6 feet diameter, mushroom-shaped, and another, also 
burnt, but not broken, elegantly carved in scroll on the inside, but 
nearly defaced by the action of saltpetre.”’ 
267. Of the great tower itself, Major Kittoe’s opinion was that 
“ arrangement was precisely the same as at Rangoon, rows and rows of 
small temples, umbrellas, pillars, &c. around the great tope. They all 
run north and south,and east and west, large and small.” ‘To this ac- 
count he added a small rough sketch showing the arrangement of the 
smaller stupas about the great tower. This sketch I have inserted in my 
survey in dotted lines. Judging from the arrangement of the subsidiary 
buildings about the great stupas of Burmah and Ladak, I have every 
reason to accept Major Kittoe’s sketch as a correct outline of what 
he had himself ascertained by excavation ; but as the sketch is not 
drawn to scale, the relative sizes and distances may not perhaps be 
quite accurate. 
268. Of his other discoveries he wrote as follows: “I have got 
fine specimens of carved bricks, and two heads of Budda, made of 
pounded brick and road-earth, coated with fine shell lime, in beautiful 
preservation. I havea fine head of a female in white marble (partly 
calcined) and a portion of the arm. It has been a nearly life-size 
figure of Pérvati.” 
269. It will have been observed that every excavation made near 
Sarnath has revealed traces of fire. I myself found charred timber 
and half burnt grain. The same things were also found by Major 
Kittoe, besides the evident traces of fire on the stone pillars, umbrellas, 
and statues. So vividly was the impression of a great final catastro- 
phe by fire fixed in Major Kittoe’s mind, by the discoveries made 
during his excavations, that he thus summed up his conclusions to 
me in a few words: “ All has been sacked and burnt, priests, temples, 
idols, all together, In some places bones, iron, timber, idols, &c., are 
Q 2 
