LOPHOPHANES CHARS. AND SYNS. OF L. BICOLOR 113 



maximum for this group. Nests excavated in trees. Eggs 

 spotted. 



There are four perfectly good American species of " Tufted 

 Titmice", only two of which are known to occur in the Colorado 

 Basin. For convenience of comparing the three western species 

 with the eastern one, the characters of the latter are subjoined.* 



* liOptaoptaancs blcolor.— Tufted Tltinonse. 



PaniS bicolor, L. SN. i. 1766, 340 (Gates, i. pi. 57).— Gm. SN. i. 1788, 1005.— lo*. 10. ii. 1790, 

 mi.— Tun. SN. i. 1806, &i\.— Wils. AO. i. 1808, 137, pi. 8, f. S—Bp. Journ. Phila. Acad, 

 iv. 1825, 255.— Bp. Ann. Lye. N. T. ii. 1826, 100.— Less. Tr. Orn. 1831, iSS.- And. OB. i. 

 1831, 199, pi. 39 — Nutt. JMan. i. 1832, 2.36.— remm. Man. iii. 1835, 210.— Bp. C. & G. L. 

 1838, 20.— Aud. Syn. 1839, IB.- Aud.B A. ii. 1841, 143, pi. 125 (" Nova Scotia").— iJnsi. 



Am. Journ. Sci. xliv. 1843, 255 (Connecticut) Gir. BLI. 1844, IB.-Read, Pr. Phila. 



Acad. vi. 1853, 397 (Ohio).— Brew. Pr. Bost. Soc. iv. 1854, 325.— Henry, Pr. Phila. Acad, 

 vii. 1855, 309 (? ! New Mexico).— Kennic. Tr. Illinois Agrio. Soc. i. 1855, 5Bi.—Haym. Pr. 

 Phila. Acad. viii. 1856, 290 (Indiana),— Afai^n. J. f. O. vi. 1858, 118. (N. B.—Parus 

 bicolor, Fabric. Pn. Greenland. 1780, 123, is some other animal.) 



lophophanes Wcolor, B^. CA. i. 1850, 828.— Cass. 111.1853, IB.— Woodh. Sitgr. Rep. ZuCi, 

 1853, 68 (Indian Territory).— ikfaiim. J. f. O. 1858, m.—Bd. BNA. 1858, 38i.— Henry, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. xi. 1859, 107.- Barn. Smiths. Rep. for 1860, 1861, 437 (Pennsylvania). — 

 Coues (f Prent. Smiths. Rep. for 1861, 1862, ill.-Hayd, Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. xii. 1862, 

 174.— Ferr. Pr. Ess. Inst. iii. 1862, 157.- Bii. RAB. 1864, 7B.^— Alien, Pr. Ess. Inst. iv. 1864, 

 B3.—Hoy, Smiths. Rep. for 1864, 1865, 438 (Missouri).- Z)ress. Ibis, 2d ser. i. 1865, 485 

 (Texas).- iaioi-. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viil. 1866, 283.— Coaes, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii. 1868, 107 

 (South Carolina).— OoMcs, Pr. Ess. Inst. v. 1868, 279 (New England).— riwTiJ. B. E. Pa. 

 1869, 23 ; Phila. ed. 21.— Gregg', Pr. Elmira Acad. 1870, — (Chemung Co. N. Y., rare).— 

 Abbott, Am. Nat. iv. 1870, 5i5.— Allen, Bull. MOZ. ii. 1871, 261 (Florida) ; iii. 1872, 125 

 (Kansas).— &o«(, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv. 1872, 221,— Allen, Am. Nat. vi. 1872, 2ei.—Mayn. B. 

 Fla. 1872, 32.— Coues, Key, 1872, 80, f. 2\.—Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 6 (resident).- ie«g'. 

 Am. Nat. vii, 1873, 200.— rriijpe, Pr. Boat. Soc. xv. 1873, 236 (Iowa).— Mar. Am. Nat. 

 viii. 1874, 8, 86.— (7o«e», BNW. 1874, 19.— B. B. If R. NAB. i. 1874, 87, pi. 6, f. l.—Brew. 

 Pr.Bost. Soc. xvii. 1875, 451. 



Baeoloptaus bicolor, Cab. MH. i. 1850, 91. 



Farus cristataa, .Bartr. Trav. Pla. Ist Am. ed. 1791, 292. 



liopbopbanes missourlensis, Bd. BNA. 1858, 384 (in text). 



Toupet Titmouse, Penn. AZ. ii. 1785, 423, no. 334. 



M^ange bicolore, Temm. 1. c. 



TuRed Titmouse, Crested Titmouse, Vulg. 



Hab. — Eastern United States, from Texas and Nebraska to tbe Connecti- 

 cut Vallev. 



Ch. sp. — $ 9 Cinereu8,dor80 paululumolhasceiite ; infra aordide albus,lateri- 

 bus rufia ; f route nigra ; rostro nigricante, pedibus plumieia. 



$ 9 : Entire upper parts ashy, the back usually with a slight olivaceous 

 shade, the wings and tail rather purer aud darker plumbeous, tbe latter 

 sometimes showing obsolete transverse bars. Sides of the head and entire 

 under parts dull whitish, washed with chestnut-brown on the sides. A 

 black frontlet at the base of the crest. Bill plumbeous-blackish ; feet plum- 

 beous. Length, 6-6| inches ; extent, 9i-10J ; wing, S-SJ ; tail about the 

 same. 



Young : The crest less developed ; little if any trace of the black frontlet ; 

 sides scarcely washed with rusty. 

 8 B c 



