194 SYNS. AND CHAES. OF ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS 



Sleo. U. S. Gool. Surv. Terr, for 1870, 1871. 463.— Cfeop. Pr. Phila. Acad. 1870, 75.— Coop. 

 B. Cal. i. 1870, 78.— CoUM, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1871, 19.— Trtppe, Pr. Ess. Inst. vi. 1871, 

 ns.— Alien, Bull. MCZ. li. 1871, iSI .—Alleii,, Bull. MCZ. Hi. 1872, 161, 175 (Colorado, 

 breeding).— ^;!cn, Am. Nat. vi. 1872, WS.—Harting, Man. Brit. B. 1872, 109 (Great 

 Britain ?).—jlifcc7s, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1872, 196 (Colorado, breeding).— TVippe, Pr. Best. Soo. 

 XV. 1872, Wi.—Uayn. Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv. 1872, 360.— (7om«s, Key, 1872, 90, f. 34.— JIfojm. 

 B. Fla. 1873, H.—Ridgw. Bull. Ess. Inst. v. 1873, 180.— ilferr. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, 

 for 1872, 1873, 713.— SnoM, B. Kans. 1873, i.—Trippe, Pr. Bost. Soc. iv. 1873, S3i.—All«n, 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. xvii. 1874, 50.— Coues, BNW. 1874, W.—Yarr. IfHensh. Rep. Orn. Specs. 

 1874, 10.— Hensh. Rep. Orn. Specs. 1874, 41. -iS. B. If R. NAB. i. 1874, 171, flg. pi. 10, f. 

 3.—Hensk. List B. Ariz. 1875, 156.— Hensh. Zool. Expl. W. 100 Merid. 1876, 187. 



Alauda ludovicana, Turt. SN. 1. 1806, 482. 



Antbus ludovlceanus, Bd. Ives's Rep. pt. v. 1861, 5. 



AntbUS ludoriclnns, Merriam, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, for 1872, 1873, 674. 



Antbus ludOTlcanus, Trippe, Coues'8 BNW. 1874, 231. 



Alauda rubra, Gm. SN. i. pt. ii. 1788, 794, no. 15 (from Briss., Buff., Edw., etc.).- £«(*. 10. 

 ii. 1790, 494, no. 10.— Tun. SN. i. 1806, 482. 



Motacilla taudsonica, Latk. 10. ii. 1790, 503, no. 6 (no references ; orig. descr. well suiting pres- 

 ent Bpecies).- rart. SN. i. 1806, 616.— T. OAS. ii, 1807, 47.— F. Bncy. Mdth. ii. 1823, 409. 



Alanda migratoria, Bartmm, Trav. Fla. 1st Am. ed. 1791, p. 290 bis (see Coues, Froc. Phila. 

 Acad. 1875, 346). 



Antbns rnbeos, Merrem, " Ersch Grub. Encyol." 



Alauda rufa, Wils. AO. v. 1812, 89, pi. 42, f. 4.— Bp. Journ. Phila. Acad. iv. 1824, 181. 



Antbus spinoletta, Bp. Ann. Lyo. N. Y. iL 1826, 90.— ^'ii«. Man. i. 1832, i50.—Omith. Cimm. 

 Journ. Phila. Acad. vii. 1837, 193 (Columbia River) — Tovmt. Journ. Phila. Acad. viii. 

 1839, 154.— Peo6. Rep. Orn. Mass. 1839, 317.— Thompe. NH. Vermont, 1853, 86. 



Antbus aquatiCUS, S. tfR. FBA. ii. 1831, 231, pi. H.—Aud. OB. i. 183-, name on pi. 10. 



Antbus piplens. Aud. OB. i. 1832, 408 ; v. 1839, 449, pi. 80.— Bp. CGL. 1838, 18. 



Antbus relnbardUl, EolbuU, "Fn. Gronl. ed. Paulsen, 1846, 25". 



Alanda pensllvanica, Briss. Om. 1760, App. 94, no. 13. 



Antbus pensylvanlcus, TMenemmn, Rhea, ii. 1849, 171 (monographic).— ZizTider, J. f. O. i. 

 1853, Extrah. 1854, 63 (monographic). — Zander, Naumannia, iv. 1854, 13 (monographic). 



Antbus pennsylranlcns, Gaetke, J. f. 0. 1856, 71 (Heligoland). 



Farlouzanne, Buff. • ' Hist. Nat. des Ois. v. 38 ". 



Loulslane Lark, Ltuh. Syn. ii. pt. ii. 1783, 376, no. 7 (based on Buff. v. 38). 



Hudsonian Wagtail, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. 1801,231, no. 3. 



Alouette aux Joues brunes de Pensllranie, Buff. " niet. Nat. des Ois. v. 58 ". 



Hocbequeue de la bale d'Hudson,K Ency. M6th. ii. 1823, 409. 



lark from Pensylranla, .Eiio. " Glean, pt. ii. 185, pi. 297 ". 



Bed lark, Pmn. AZ. ii. 1785, 393, no. 279 (Pennsylvania).— iofi. Syn. ii. pt. ii. 1783, 376, no. 8. 



Folarpleper, Thienemann, 1. c. 



Alouette plp6, Le Maine, Ois. Canad. 1861, 185. 



American Pipit or Titlark, Prairie Titlark, Reddish-brown Titlark, Brown lark. 

 Authors, 



Hab. — The whole of North America. South to 

 Guatemala and perhaps further. Greenland. Ber- 

 mudas. Casual in Europe (Heligoland, Gatke ; and 

 see especially Harting, I. o. auprd,). No West Indian 

 quotations. 



Ch. sp. — 3 2 Olivaceo-brunneus, fusoo- 

 notatus; alin fuscis, brunneo-limbatis ; caudd 

 fused, rectricibus lateralibus 1-3 ex parte 

 albis; orbitis, superciliis, partibusque infe- 

 rioribus ex toto brunneo-albidis, peetore lateri- 



FIG. 27.- Bill and foot of, ,. , . . 



American Pipit; nat. size, owsquc oUvuceo-brunneo stnatis. 

 $ 9 : Above, olive-brown, most of the feathers with dusky centres, giving 

 a streaked or nebulated appearance. Wings blackish-brown, the quills and 



