SYNONYMY OP PYEANGA RUBRA 351 



and tail as black as night, makes him only too conspicuous an 

 object, the never-failing bait to the greed of the mere collector 



Smiihs. Eep. for 1858, 1859, 283 (Nova Scotia).— ilfarteM, J. f. 0. 1859, 215 (Bermudas).— 

 Brew. Pr. Best Soo. vii. 1860, 307 (Cnba),— Barn. Smiths. Eep. for 1860, 1861,436.- 

 Lamr. Ann. Lyo.N.T. vii. 1861, 331 (New Gtanaaa).— Guncii. J. f.O. 1861, 3-28.— &!. 

 CAB. 1862, 80 (Bogota).— Ffrr. Pr. Ess. Inst. iii. 1862, liS.—Albrecht, J. f. 0. 1862, 197 

 (Jamaica).— Tayl. Ibis, iv. 1862, 128 (Plodda).— Boardm. Pr. Bost Soc. ix. 1862, 125 

 (Maine).— Jlfarcft, Pr. Phila. Acad. xv. 1863, 296 (Jamaica).— -Sc! PZS. 1864, 350 

 (Panama).— Aifen, Pr. Ess. Inst. iv. 1864, eS.—Hoy, Smiths. Eep. for 1864, 1865, 438 

 (Jlissouri).- Z>re«s. Ibis, 2d ser. i. 1865, 479 (El Paso, Tex ).—Mcnwr. Pr. Ess. Inst. v. 

 1866, 86 (Canada West).— iaior. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. 1866, 286; ix. 1868, 99 (Costa 

 Eica).— (7o«M, Pr. Ess. Inst. v. 1868, 275.— Cows, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii. 1868, 113 (South 

 Carolina).— Jacisom, Am. Nat ii. 1868, 490.— Sumicft. Mem. Bost. Soc. i. 1869, 550 (Vera 

 Cruz).— ^). Frantz. J. 1.0. 1869, 229 (Costa Eica). —rurnft. B.B.Pa. 1869, 26; Phila. ed. 

 19.— Salv. PZS. 1870, 1S7 (Veragua).— Brttftin, Zool. Gart. 1871, 17 (Wisconsin).— 

 XHppe, Pr. Ess, Inst. vi. 1871, 117 (Minnesota).— Safe. Ibis, 3d ser. ii. 1872, 316 (Chon- 

 tales).- e«nd;. J. f. 0. 1872, 421 (Caba,).—Mayn. Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv. 1872, 370.— 5co((, 

 Pr. Bost Soo. XV. 1872, Za.—Coues, Key, 1872, lil.— Allen, Ball. MCZ. iii. 1872, 175 

 (Eastern Kansas).— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 3.—Tnppe, Pr. Bost Soc. xv. 1873, 235.— 

 Packard, Am. Nat viii. 1874, 271.— Oottes, BNW. 1874, 82.— i?. B. a B. NAB. i. 1874, 

 435, pi. 20, f. 7, 8.— Brew. Pr. Bost Soc. xvii. 1875, 441.— Gentry, Life-Hist. i. 1876, 177.- 

 Merr. Trans. Conn. Acad. iv. 1877, 27.— Jfinot, B. N. Engl. 1877, 134. 



Flranga rubra, Gray, Handlist, ii. 1870, 60, n. 6835. 



Pyrouga rubra, Bruhin, Zool. Gart xii. 1872, 221. 



Ftaoenlsoma rubra, Sw. Class. B. ii. 1837, 284. 



Fhoenicosoma rubra, Cab. MH. i. 1850, %i.—Gundl. J. f. 0. 185.5, 477; 1861, 409 (Cuba). 



Fboenlcosoma rubrum, Gwb. Nomeuc. Av. ilL 1876, 110. 



f Tanagra ollvacea, Gm. SN. i. 1788, 889, n. 6 (in part, perhaps. Based on the Olivet ot 

 BufiF. iv. 269, and the Olive Tanager of Lath. Syn. ii. pt i. 218, u. 4, and Penn. AZ. ii. 

 1785, 369, n. 238. " Cayenne and New York "). 



Pyranga erytbromelas, Y. N. D. d'H. N. 2d ed. xxviii. 1819, 293. 



Pyranga etytbromelas, V. Ency.M6th.ji. 1823,800. 



Cardinal de Canada, Cardlnalls canadensis, Briat. Om. iii. 1760, 48, pi. 2, f. 5 (sole basis 

 of Tanogra nebra L.). 



Tangara du Canada, Buff. "vii. 350"; PE. 156, f. l.—Less. Man. 1. 1828, 164. [Compare 

 PE.127,f.l.] 



Scarlet Sparrow, Edw. pi. 343. 



Ked Tanager, Lath. Syn. ii. pt i. 1783, 217, n. 3. 



Canada Tanager, Perm. AZ. ii. 178.5, 369, n. 237. 



? OUtc Tanager, Lath. Syn. ii. pt i. 1783, 218, n. 4.— Pmn. AZ. ii. 1765, 369, n. 238. (" New 

 York." A basis of 2". olivacea Gm. ; may be 9 of this or T. ceativa.) 



Fyranga rouge et nolr, T. 1. c. 1823.— D'Orft. 1. c. 



Scarlet Black-winged Tanager, 5. <£B. 1. c. 



Scarlet Tanager or Black-winged Bed-bird, Aud. \. o. 



Tangara ecarlate, Le Maine, Ois. Canad. 1861, 278. 



Hab. — Eastern Province of North America, strictly. United States anil 

 adjoining border of the British Provinces (hake Huron, lat. 49° N. — not 59°, 

 as misprinted in my BNW.). West to the borders of the Plains (Kansas 

 and Indian Territory; El Paso, Heermann). Cuba. Jamaica. Mexico. Cen- 

 tral America and South America to Ecuador. Breeds throughout its United 

 States range. Winters extralimital. Not common north of Massachusetts. 



Note. — There is a bitch in the nomenclature of our two Eastern Tanagers, if we must 

 take Linnsens at 1758. He applied the name rubra to each of them in 1766, calling the 

 Scarlet Tanager Tanagra rubra on p. 314, and the Summer Eedbird Mu.scieapa rubra on 

 p. 326. This would leave the term rubra as it stands now, for the Scarlet Tanager ; but 

 he had before called the Summer Eedbird Fringilla rubra, in 1758, p. 181. In strictness, 

 therefore, the name rubra should stand in place of cestiva, for the Summer Redbird. But 

 this is a case in which it seems desirable to relax the stringency of a rule which, if hero 

 put in force, would result in a confusing cbange of nomenclature. 



