Class AMPHIBIA 

 Subclass Stegocephala 



Cope, Extinct Batrachia, Aves, and Reptilia of -ZSTorth America, p. 6, 1868 

 (Stegocephali, order). 



Order TEMNOSPONDYLI 



Zittel, Handbuch der Paleontologie, III, 380, 1888. 



Small to large, terrestrial stegocephalians, especially charac- 

 terized by the large size of the intercentra, and the paired pleuro- 

 centra. Skull with all membrane bones of air-breathing verte- 

 brates; more or less rugose; a parietal foramen present; teeth 

 more or less labyrinthine, attached to premaxillae, maxillae, 

 dentaries, vomers, palatines, and pterygoids; at least two large 

 conical teeth on the palate. Parasphenoid usually large, rarely 

 vestigial; pterygoid vacuities large: From twenty-one to twenty- 

 four ( ?) presacral vertebrae; tail short or moderately long, rhachito- 

 mous or embolomerous, that is, composed of two disks, one bear- 

 ing the chevrons and arch, the other intercalated; chevrons 

 always forming a part of the large intercentrum. Clavicular 

 girdle sometimes large, with rugose markings; at other times 

 smaller and smooth, the interclavicle never with a long posterior 

 stem; a cleithrum always present. Scapula and coracoid fused; 

 a supracoracoid foramen present, as also a supraglenoid. Humerus 

 rarely with entepicondylar foramen. Carpus ossified; hand 

 pentedactylate. Pelvis fully ossified, without puboischiadic vacu- 

 ity; a pubic or obturator foramen piercing the pubes. Tarsus 

 ossified, the intermedium pedis always distinct; at least three 

 ossa centraHa; feet pentedactylate. Ventral and dorsal ossifica- 

 tions often present. 



Family Eryopidae 

 Cope, American Naturalist, XVI, 334, 1882. 



Spines of vertebrae simple, or expanded distally, sometimes 

 into a close-fitting or imbricated, more or less dilated, carapace; 



