REPTILIA: CASEA 117 



united with each other in the middle line, at least in front, and have 

 on each side a row of small teeth, double, perhaps triple, behind. 

 The pterygoids are separated in the middle line, how broadly I 

 cannot determine. I can distinguish no teeth on them, but later- 

 ally, doubtless on the palatines, there are several rows; this part 

 is not complete on either side, and I cannot be sure there was no 

 posterior palatine foramen, but in all probability there was none. 

 On the transverse part behind, the part which abutted freely against 

 the mandible, and corresponding to the transverse bone, if distinct, 

 there are also evidences of teeth, but I cannot say how many. Pos- 

 teriorly the pterygoids send back a broad plate, as in other Permian 

 reptiles, to articulate with the lower inner side of the quadrates lying 

 along the anterior inner expansion of the quadrate. In Labido- 

 saurus and Limnoscelis, at least, this anterior expansion of the 

 quadrate is visible above and to the inner side of the pterygoid 

 process, but in Casea the quadrate slopes outwardly, the pterygoid 

 lying along in its inner margin. I cannot distinguish the stapes 

 with certainty. 



The basioccipital is a broad, flat plate, narrowed behind for the 

 condyle. It is quite smooth, and without processes. It is some- 

 what detached in the specimen, and, as figured, evidently comprises 

 the basioccipital only, and not the basisphenoid, of which I find 

 no certain evidence. In front of the basioccipital there is a tri- 

 angular cavity, from which the basisphenoid may have been lost. 

 On each side of the basioccipital there appears to be a large foramen, 

 the jugular. Each pterygoid sends up a broad plate, above the 

 inner side of the transverse process, to the roof, which it joins oppo- 

 site the large pineal foramen, forming the side of the brain case, and 

 continuous with the brain walls posteriorly. This plate, of course, 

 must represent the epipterygoid, springing as it does from the ptery- 

 goid, a bone supposed to be distinct from the alisphenoid by Baur 

 (orbitsphenoid ? Gaupp) . 



Mandibles. — Both mandibles were foimd nearly in place in 

 articulation with the cranium, and both are very perfectly pre- 

 served and prepared. Together they form a broad V, nearly in 

 the shape of an equilateral triangle. The two sides meet in a 

 firm but small symphysis, which includes the anterior ends of 



