VAKIOUS SYSTEMS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT. 59 



larger than that grown during the first one ; conse- 

 quently a sale of the two hundred and forty years' 

 product would not bring more than two times the sum 

 of X, while the capital, X, if deposited at Z% per cent, 

 with a bank, would haye increased with compound in- 

 terest during the 130 years of the second growing period, 

 to twenty-two times X. As Oaks and other hard- wood trees 

 at the age of from 90 to 100 years, and Evergreens at from 

 60 to 70 years, furnish every kind of useful material, the 

 high forests, that is, where the trees are allowed to 

 reach their maximum growth, are going to be superseded 

 by the so-called middle forests, that is, where the trees 

 only reach their full development. 



(5) Evergreens have a wider range of usefulness than 

 the deciduous, or so called hard-wood trees, because they 

 allow us, in the calculation of the profibs of forests, to be 

 more circumspective in regard to the presumable wants 

 of the future. This is the more important, as the wood 

 production requires long periods, and, therefore, every 

 good management of forests should always take into 

 account the possibilities of the future. This is the 

 reason why at present, in Europe, in replanting forests. 

 Evergreens are often given the preference, even upon 

 soil on which fastidious deciduous trees would thrive. 



(c) The supremacy of Beeches and Oaks is abolished, 

 and in consideration of the increased, and in the future 

 very likely not decreased, want of other deciduous trees, 

 as Ash, Alder, Maple, Birch, etc., these last named kinds 

 of trees, together with the Evergreens, are given at least 

 the same consideration as the old royal Beech and Oak 

 tree. 



{d) To raise a pure stock of trees of the same kind and 

 age, is not now considered as profitable as to raise mixed 

 stock of different ages, because by the former the soil is 

 too much exhausted. One kind of wood takes always 

 the same ingredients from the soil, but a variety of 



