116 



FOllEST PLANTING. 



thus the largest purt of it is removed. Thereupon re- 

 move the remaining stump by sawing at a right angle 

 where it joins the tree, but never in a line running 

 parallel with the standing tree. [See illustration.] 

 ^"^ If there be more than one branch to be removed from 

 a tree, commence with the highest branches, at the same 

 time taking off the dry ones. If the trunk retains its 

 branches for one third part of its entire height it is suf- 

 ficient for its vigorous growth. 



A, first incision J B, first cut ; CD, second cut, cor- 

 rectly executed; G E, incorrectly made cut. 



The most favorable time for removing large branches 

 is late in the fall and in the first part of the winter, be- 

 cause the healing of the wouud will be completed when 

 the sap begins to run. The sap is then prevented from 

 running out of the cut and causing it to rot. No paint- 

 ^ing with tar, oil, paint, or the like, is required. 

 4. Undergrowth as a protection to the forest-soil. 



It is generally conceded that a favorable condition of 

 a forest is only practicable when the soil is constantly 

 protected against the drying influences of sun, light and 

 wind. For this reason the skillful forester always 



