178 FOREST PLANTING. 



reed, and in the other furze or gorse. These seeds are 

 also covered with powdered manure and sand, where- 

 upon the open furrow is covered with furze o:; in want 

 of this, with pfrieme, heather, buckwheat plants, pine 

 boughs or seaweed. The boughs are cut of equal length, 

 about ten feet long, and laid down in rectangular lines 

 to the sea-coast, so that the thick ends of the boughs or 

 plants are placed seaward, and the top of the following 

 bough covers the stem of the preceding like shingles. 

 After the entire area or a part of it is worked and cov- 

 ered in this way, thin but long poles are laid over the 

 ends of the boughs and fastened to the ground with 

 wooden staples, in order to shelter the surface and to 

 keep the movable sand in its place. Under this cover 

 the seeds will germinate and spring up. Wherever 

 should be found steep hill-sides covered with sand-reeds 

 or sand-grasses — a common occurrence near the cavities 

 of the dunes — first of all the plant-growth should be cut 

 down to the root-crowns, otherwise the covering material 

 cannot be distributed evenly over the surface soil when 

 seeding is done; and then the place must be made some- 

 what level. 



The operations of the next year, unless there is in- 

 tended a lateral extension, are directed to the area par- 

 allel with that which has been worked, and is laying 

 behind it. For this section it is only required to erect 

 side fences and a back fence, as the planted section 

 forms a protective wall from the shifting sea-sand. 

 Should there be found some places within the dunes 

 which are compact and solid, covering them is dispensed 

 with, and seeding is done in the usual way by drilling 

 in the seeds. 



A simpler and, formerly, more frequently employed 

 mode of consolidating the drifting sands upon the 

 dunes is shown in the following : 



