ADVANCE OF MULLER'S THEORY 223 



The paper was translated by Professor R. Meldola and 

 published in this country almost immediately after its 

 appearance. 1 The new hypothesis was at once accepted 

 by. Wallace as well as by Meldola, but, to the end of his 

 life,. Bates could never bring himself to believe it. In 

 1882 Meldola published an important paper 2 containing 

 new facts and arguments in favour of Muller's hypothesis 

 and further support was afforded by the present writer in 

 1887. 3 



During the past thirteen years the Mullerian theory 

 has gradually absorbed more and more of the ground 

 that was formerly believed to be covered by the theory of 

 Bates — an advance due in chief part to the researches of 

 Dr. F. A. Dixey. 4 



The facts which the Mullerian theory sought to explain 

 concerned the fauna of tropical America ; the naturalist 

 who explained them was living in the same part of the 

 world. A few years later, however, F. Moore showed 

 that there is the same resemblance between the dominant 

 butterflies of the tropical East 6 ; and in 1897 it was 

 pointed out by the present writer that the same facts hold 

 in Africa. 6 



In 1897 I pointed out that Mullerian Resemblance is 

 not true Mimicry at all, but rather an example of Common 

 Warning Colour, 7 and with the assistance of Mr. Arthur 

 Sidgwick the term Synaposematic was proposed as de- 

 scriptive of it ; the term Aposematic having been pre- 

 viously suggested for ordinary Warning Colours. 8 



I have now given a brief account of the leading phases 

 in the history of Mimicry. Even before the appearance 



1 Proc. Ent. Soc, Lond., 1879, p. xx. 



" Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol. x, Dec. 1882, p. 417. 



5 Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., March 1887, p. 191. * See p. 213, n. '. 



5 Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1883, p. 201. 



6 Report 0/ the British Association at Toronto, 1897, pp. 689-91. See 

 also Roland Trimen's Presidential Address to the Entomological Society, 

 Jan. 19, 1898 {Proceedings, 1897, p. lxxxv). 



7 Proc. Ent. Soc, Lond., 1897, p. xxix; Report Brit. Assoc, 1897, 

 p. 691. 



8 Poulton, Colours of Animals, Internat. Sci. Ser., London, 1890, 



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