IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 295 



PAGE 



•j. A. H. Thayer's Criticism, of the Statement that Animals 



are Cgnspicuous , . . . , . .321 



8. The All-Importance of Instinctive Attitudes and Move- 



ments in the Display of Warning Colours , .323 



9. Warning or Intimidating' Sounds ... . .324 



10. Intimidating Attitudes ,24 



11. Directive Marks and Structures . . . . .325 



12. She Seasonal Development of Directive Maris . .326 



*. Synaposematic or Common Warning Colours (Mullerian 



Mimicry) 327 



1. The Mathematical Statement of the Advantage Conferred 



by Perfected Mullerian Resemblance . . .328 



2. The Advantage Conferred during the Growth of Mullerian 



Resemblance . . . . . . . .329 



3. Striking 'Examples of Mullerian Resemblance . -331 



a. The New World 331 



6. The Old. World 333 



4. The Limit to Mullerian Unification of Warning Colours 



in any Country ....... 336 



5. Seasonal Transition from Cryptic to Synaposematic Defence 339 



6. Seasonal Transition in degrees of Synaposematic Defence, or 



from Aposematic to Synaposematic Defence . .341 



7. The Gradual Predominance of the Mullerian Hypothesis . 342 

 ?. Diaposematic Resemblance ; Reciprocal Warning Colours . 344 

 9. Primary and Secondary Mullerian Resemblance ; Proto- 



and Deuterosynaposematic •Resemblanoe . . -345 



10. Further Indirect Evidence Supporting a Mullerian or 



- Synaposematic Interpretation 346 



11. Mullerian Resemblance Associated with Warning Colours; 



Batesian Mimicry Associated with Cryptic Colours . 348 



12. Mimetic Patterns in Stations or Localities different from 



those of the Model 349 



13. Classes of Facts which have Recently been Urged in 



Support of the. Batesian Hypothesis . . .350 



a. Butterflies Exhibiting Mimetic Resemblance on the 

 Upper Surface of the Wings and Procryptic Defence 



on the Under Surface 350 



b. Dimorphic or Polymorphic Mimetic Butterflies with 

 Forms Resembling Different Models » . . 354 



