IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 349 



shown 1 that in Borneo many non-mimetic Clytinae are 

 themselves resembled by entirely different Longicorn 

 beetles, and as soon as attention was directed to the case 

 Mr. C. J. Gahan found the same thing happening in 

 Ceylon. 2 



1 2. Mimetic Patterns in Stations or Localities Different 

 from those of the Model. — Many examples are already 

 known in which the mimic inhabits a station where the 

 model is rare, or even unknown. Thus the Geometrid 

 moth Abraxas etridoides is found on the hills and its model 

 Teracolus etrida in the plains of Southern India. Only 

 recently I have heard from Mr. S. A. Neave that several 

 of the African mimics of chrysippus, belonging to the 

 JVymphalinae, Acraeinae, and Lycaenidae prefer the wood- 

 land while their model is chiefly found in open grassy 

 places. Still more striking but much rarer are the instances 

 in which the mimic is found in a very different locality 

 from its model (see pp. 217, 21 8). The spreading of a 

 mimic beyond the range of the model is probably by no 

 means rare : a remarkable example is quoted on p. 216. 



All these curious relationships are difficult to under- 

 stand on the Batesian Hypothesis, easy on the Mullerian. 

 It is impossible to believe that sharp-sighted enemies 

 would remain deceived by the likeness of a palatable 

 mimic in one station or locality to a distasteful model in 

 another. But if we suppose that the mimic also is dis- 

 tasteful and possessed a warning pattern of its own before 

 the mimicry began, the interpretation is clear. Its mimetic 

 pattern still remains a warning of distastefulness, more 

 easily learnt, that is learnt with less waste of life, because 

 it is similar to that of a still more abundant distasteful 

 form well known to the enemy. In this way, too, it is 

 possible to understand why the growth of a very perfect 

 resemblance often leaves untouched some small but dis- 

 tinct discriminating feature. Thus differences in habits 

 and modes of flight often persist and would be recognized 

 by an observant enemy as they are by the naturalist. 



1 Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1902, vol. ii, pp. 250-1. See also the corre- 

 sponding illustrations on pi. xx. 

 1 /. c, p. 252. 



