360 THE PLACE OF MIMICRY 



d. That between distasteful insects, Synaposematic 

 (see p. 327). 



e. That between a palatable mimic and its unpalatable 

 model, Pseudaposematic or Mimetic in the Batesian 

 sense. 1 



The essential element in Protective Mimicry is that it 

 is a False Warning (Pseud- Aposematic) ; in Aggressive 

 Mimicry that it is a False Attraction (Pseud-Episematic). 



Some have considered that Mimicry implies resem- 

 blance to a moving object, but apart from the various 

 other likenesses between animals shown in the above 

 classification, there are common Cryptic Resemblances 

 to drifting leaves, swaying bits of twig, &c, while true 

 Mimetic Resemblances are often specially adapted for 

 the attitude of prolonged rest. 



The term ' Mimicry' is generally used to include Synapo- 

 sematic as well as Pseudaposematic Resemblances, the 

 former being spoken of as 'Miillerian', the latter as ' Bate- 

 sian' Mimicry. It must be borne in mind, however, that 

 in Synaposematic colouring the warning is genuine, while 

 in Pseudaposematic it is a sham. These Greek terms, or 

 their respective English equivalents, ' Common Warning 

 Colours' and ' Protective Mimicry', make the essential 

 distinction sufficiently clear. Nevertheless, it is impossible 

 to avoid using the term ' Mimicry ' in connexion with a 

 Miillerian association, because the relationship between 

 Model and Mimic requires even more consideration in 

 Synaposematic than in Pseudaposematic Resemblance. 

 Furthermore, the ultimate position of vast numbers of 

 examples is still under discussion. It is certain that they 

 are mimics in the sense of resembling a model, but 

 opinions differ upon the question whether they are Bate- 

 sian or Miillerian. In speaking of the origin and growth 

 of these resemblances the unqualified term ' Mimicry ' may 

 be conveniently employed, whether the likeness be Pseud- 

 aposematic or Synaposematic. In speaking of their 

 bionomic value the unqualified term should never be used. 



1 For a further account of each of the heads a.-e., and more numerous 

 illustrations, consult the writer's article, Mimicry, in Did. Philos. and 

 Psychol., J. M. Baldwin, New York and London, 1902, vol. ii, pp. 79, 80. 



