376 THE PLACE OF MIMICRY 



have been copied in two books published in the United 

 States, and one in Germany. On the second plate, exhibit- 

 ing in Figs. 12-15 a Synaposematic combination from 

 Eastern Brazil (called a ' Mimicry- Ring ' by Professor 

 Weismann), the descriptions of Figs. 12 and 13 as well 

 as of 14 and 15 have been transposed.] 



g. Imperfect Resemblance, not to any Particular Species, 

 but to the General Appearance of an Unpalatable Group. — 

 There are also examples which show us the origin of 

 mimicry — examples in which the resemblance is very im- 

 perfect, but, nevertheless, sufficient to afford some protec- 

 tion. The blue Euploeas of India, &c. (such as Stictoploea 

 harrisi, Trepsichrois mulciber, and Isamia splendens, in- 

 cluding irawada) form a very characteristic group, while 

 their general type of appearance is imperfectly mimicked 

 by several day-flying moths belonging to the Chalcosiinae 

 (Callamesia midama, Amesia aliris, A. sanguiflud). It is 

 extremely probable that the wonderfully close likeness 

 of many mimetic species arose by gradual stages from 

 a general resemblance to a type of colour or pattern 

 possessed by a large group of unpalatable insects. 



[In this case the moths belong to a group admitted to 

 be distasteful, and the resemblance is clearly Mullerian : 

 see also c. on p. 372.] 



[Considering the great change in the point of view that 

 has occurred since 1890, when the above-mentioned 

 examples were shown at Leeds, the question naturally 

 arises as to whether anything will remain of the hypo- 

 thesis originated by Bates. The clearest examples 

 known to me are the cases of close likeness to a poisonous 

 serpent borne by harmless species, and also by large 

 caterpillars (see pp. 367-8). It is also likely that many of 

 the resemblances to stinging insects and ants are Batesian. 

 Examples to the contrary are mentioned on pp. 230-1. 

 It must also be mentioned that Mullerian Resemblance 

 is very extensively developed among the stinging Hyme- 

 noptera themselves, see p. 278. Numbers of other cases 

 might be quoted.] 



