468 



ANALYTICAL INDEX 



disbelief in permanence of, 59 ; sub- 

 jective element in describing, 59, 60 ; 

 diagnosis of, 60, 65-8 ; interbreeding 

 and, 60 ; structural relationships of, 

 60 ; syngamic, 60 ; importance of 

 asyngamy in relation to, 60, 65 ; 

 descent from common ancestors and, 

 61 ; synepigonic, 61 ; geographical 

 distribution (Sympatry) and, 62 ; 

 introduction to discussion of, 63-5 ; 

 constancy a criterion o r , 63 ; sterility 

 of hybrids between, 63, 64 ; import- 

 ance of transition in relation to, 64 ; 

 diagnosis of, provisional, 65, 76, 77 ; 

 origin by preferential interbreeding 

 of, 65 ; asyngamy the barrier 

 between, 65 ; sterility between, 

 caused by asyngamy, 65 ; objective 

 reality of, 65 ; definition by dia- 

 gnosis of, 65—8 ; transition underlying 

 diagnosis, 66 ; the subjective ele- 

 ment in diagnosis, 66, 67 ; only 

 strongly defined varieties, 66; dis- 

 continuity as a test of, 66, 67 ; failure 

 of diagnosis of, 69-76 ; dimorphism, 

 &c, and, 70-2; seasonal dimorphism 

 and, 7273 ; individual modification 

 and, 73-5 ; geographical races or 

 sub-species and, 75-6 ; results of arti- 

 ficial selection and, 76 ; provisional 

 conclusions of diagnosis of, 76, 77 ; 

 sterility as test of distinction between, 

 77-80 ; sterility between certain 

 artificially selected races, 78-80 ; 

 sterility reduced by domestication, 

 79 ; attempts to produce phy- 

 siological, 79, 80 ; sterility between, 

 caused by asyngamy, 80-4; by 

 asympatry, 84, 85 ; by mechani- 

 cal incompatibility, 85 ; by sexual 

 selection, 85-8 ; importance of 

 recording captures in coitu, 87 ; 

 asyngamy from breaking of syngamic 

 chain, 88 ; subordination of the 

 individual to the, 316, 358. 



Specific Stability and Mutation, 

 Sir W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, xxii. 



' Spectacles ' of Cobra, meaning of, 



3 2 4- 



Spencer, Herbert, great demands 

 for pre-Cambrian time made by, 7 ; 

 evolution and special creation con- 

 trasted by, 58 ; Lamarck's theory 

 and, 98 ; on survival of the fittest, 

 102. 



Sphex, stinging ganglia of insect 

 prey, 161 : see also 118, 119, 160-4. 



Spiders, remote ancestor of, 

 Chaetopod-Iike, 27 ; Carboniferous, 

 40 ; ' sham death ' of, 323 ; mimicry 

 of ants by, 252, 253, 253 (Fig. 1), 

 368 ; methods by which mimicry of 

 ant is attained by, 252, 253, 253 

 (Fig. 1) ; colour adjustment of flower- 

 haunting, 307 ; courtship of, 380. 



spilleri, Pieris, recent entrance 

 into Natal of, 52 n. 1. 



Spilosoma mendica, 324 ; — urti- 

 cae, 324. 



Spinalis appears in Tertiary, 42. 



splendens and irawada, Isamia, 

 and other blue Oriental Euploeas 

 roughly mimicked by diurnal 

 Chalcosiine moths, 376 : see also 372. 



Splinter of wood, protective resem- 

 blance to, 319. 



Spolia Zelanica, 300. 



Sponges in classification, 25 ; 

 long persistence with little change 

 of, 28 ; sea-anemones, Ascidians, and, 

 carried by hermit-crabs, 356, 357. 



Spontaneous tendencies are alone 

 hereditary, J. C. Prichard (1826), 

 183. . 



Squirrels, value of tails of, 325 ; 

 mimicked by tree-shrews, 367, 

 367 n. 1. 



Stability of Lepidopterous pig- 

 ments and Natural Selection, xlv. 



Stalks, loss of scales by rudi- 

 mentary sockets and, 365-6. 



Standfuss, M., on Melanism, 

 310 n. 1 ; on seasonal changes of 

 Lepidoptera, 311. 



St. Anne's-on-the-Sea, N. Lanca- 

 shire, C. Bailey's study of 0. la- 

 marckiana at, xxi. 



Starlings attacking T. populeti 

 larvae, 157 n. I. 



Static conditions, slow colour 

 adjustment a response to, 305-7 ; 

 syncryptic resemblance caused by 

 similarity in, 312. 



Stauropus fagi, 253 (Fig. 2), 254, 



369- 



Stems, protective resemblance to, 

 299 ; aggressive resemblance to, 



313- 



Stenorrhynchus phalangium, 313. 



Sterility as a test of 

 Species, II. 77-80: see also 59. 



Sterility between Species an 

 incidental consequence of 

 Asyngamy, II. 80-4: see also 65 ,91. 



