92 GEOLOGICAL RECONNOISSANCE 
The quaternary beds of the northern part of Greene county afford, lo- 
cally, a yellow ochre suitable both for a pigment and a dye-stuff. 
One of the localities, where I had an opportunity of viewing it in place, 
is about one mile west of south of the “ Pine,” between the Gainsville and 
Pocahontas road, near township 21 north, range 8, east of the 5th princi- 
pal meridian. It is exposed here in a steep bank, near the bottom of a 
hollow where a spring branch takes its rise on the north side of the ridge, 
3 to 4 miles from Levi Boyd’s farm. It lies a considerable distance under 
the main upper gravel bed which shows itself in various places near the 
top of this ridge and beneath underlying beds of pink, variegated, and fer- 
ruginous sands. Its original color at the bank isa yellow, but by exposure 
to heat, it acquires a red color, in which condition it has been used, by 
some of the inhabitants of this part of the county, as a dye-stuff for woolen 
goods. 
Its chemical composition is presented in the following analysis: 
Water (hygrometric)---+-» ++ 2.99 (Silicas +... -see seers eens - 68.64 
Insoluble silicates--..--.-- 81.00< Alumina tinged with oxide 
Peroxide of irons + +++ +e+eees 10.00 Of T1rOMs eee eee eee eee 10.00 
Protoxide of iron: ++-++seeee .78 Lime, same. Bes wae ere a elee .44 
Oxide of manganese: ----- .20 | Magnesia++.+++eee reer eee 18 
ATi iia sin so seo Ste tts 6 Gree ae nie tate GS | Potash. sesicivadessanwaiws 1.20 
Lime «06s evans arava} 6b setae Wives (Sede ites aap ERE Bes trace 
Magnesia «+... eee cence 14 
Potash ss:- ox te warvet eee eee 31 80.46 
Carbonic acid. -.........08. 70 
Chlorine «- se. ee eeecscccuce 02 
Phosphoric acid: -.+.+..+++. 14 
Sulphuric acid...-....-...- trace 
Water of hydration, loss, and 
AMMONIA+ sere eeeeveveves 1.70 
100.00 
This ochre contains seven and ahalf per cent of iron: it has a good 
body and color; better than that of the French spruce yellow, and could ge 
used as a pigment for brick work, and outside work, even without washing, 
as the texture is fine, and there is very little grit in it when carefully 
selected. When burnt, it acquires a light red color; this change appears 
to be due, more to the loss of its water of hydration, than to the peroxida- 
tion of the fraction’ of a per cent of protoxide of iron, which it contains. 
For the purposes of dying, it it used, by the country people, in its burnt 
condition. 
At the “ Pine,” near by, diggings have been attempted in search of an 
ore, supposed to contain silver; but with no success. The gravel and sand 
