OF ARKANSAS. 99 
The angle of dip of the sandstone is somewhat irregular, varying from 
10 deg. to 12 deg., in the direction a little east of north, the bearing being 
nearly coincident with the direction of the Crowley ridge—i. e.: north-east 
and south-west. 
These protusions of quartzose sandstone can be traced for 3 miles in a 
south-west direction. At W. Lane’s, the quaternary deposits on the west 
side of the hard sandstone protrusion, are tilted at the rate of 12 feet in 
20,—judging from the inclined beds passed through by him in digging his 
well. . 
These strata, passed through, were: 
Red, ferruginous, tenacious clay: ++ ++ +s see cree steer eee seer eee 20 feet. 
Gravel - Ge RAEN EBC AC RSS Sisky BATT GL WOT BSUS TN Gg eal og tae aca He 5“ 
Ledges of sandstone:-+-+> CHER RAS EEA CREE ES AE HERE REAR HK GSO a © 
Sand and clay PKA SRR WE Sew aaah oh ake Yarrey anaes w Gerse Gites ao nies we 45 
The water of Lane’s well was tested, qualitatively, and found to be 
soft, containing only a trace of earthy carbonates, and slightly reddening 
litmus paper from the presence of free carbonic acid. 
Though the protruding sandstone is, as we have said, very hard, still it 
can be quarried without a great deal of difficulty in certain directions. It 
will not stand fire, and, when heated and drenched with water, it crumbles 
to sand; proving its semicrystalline structure. 
~The color of this sandstone is mostly of a light grey or pale red tint; 
occasionally brown. It is of so hard and quartzose a character that it 
strikes fire at almost every blow of the hammer. 
One or more of the violent commotions to which this part of Arkansas 
has been subject, evinced by the coarseness of fhe gravel beds, their 
thickness, and their wide distribution, may have been cotemporaneous 
with the elevation of this sandstone. 
On section 9, township 15 north, range 3 east, close to William Lane’s 
house, there is also a low range of quartzose sandstone, probably of the 
same date; but thissandstone lies in juxtaposition on the south-west, with 
a softer sandstone, containing impressions of plants, which is, no doubt, 
an indurated portion of the quarternary sand, through which the older, 
harder sandstone has protruded, and bursting it asunder, has entangled 
‘portions of this newer sandstone in the crevices and rents, so that they 
often appear as if of the same origin; but a close inspection of the litho- 
logical character of the rock, together with the vegetable remains, will 
generally serve to distinguish them. 
Overlying the hard vitreous sandstone, but only partially covering it at 
this locality, there is also a peculiar, fine-textured, siliceous rock with ver- 
micular or ramose-tabular perforations, either empty or partially filled 
