OF ARKANSAS. 73 
This well-known land-mark is composed, in its upper part, of about 80 
feet of schistose sandstone, forming a bold and conspicuous cliff on the 
heights of the mountain, which is contracted in its upper part, so that the 
area of the summit is only about 200 feet from north to south, by about 
50 feet from east to west, with a dip of a few degrees to the south, as 
shown in the accompanying view. Forest and undergrowth conceal, for 
the most part, the strata forming the slopes below this escarpment. 
The construction of the main ridges, in this part of Van Buren county, 
of which this may be regarded as an outlier, together with the partial ex- 
posures, here and there observed in the Sugar-loaf mountain itself, lead to 
the conclusion that it is composed mostly of earthy varieties of sandstone, 
resting on ferruginous and dark shales, similar to those observed at the 
Bald Lick, and which seem to exist, almost universally, under the main 
mass of the millstone grit of this part of the State of Arkansas. 
The Sugar-loaf springs are situated about three miles from the Sugar- 
loaf mountain, in a course south of west. There are several fine springs of 
mineral water at this place. 
The one known as the “Black Sulphur Spring,” but which might be with 
more propriety called the White Sulphur Spring, since it deposits a white 
fibrous sediment in the trough into which it first flows, though, where it 
subsequently dissipates itself over the ground, there is a black precipitate 
formed by the mutual action between the sulphur in the water and the 
iron contained in the soil. This has generally been regarded as the 
strongest mineral water on the premises. 
Its principal constituents are : 
Free sulphuretted hydrogen. 
Bi-carbonate of lime. - 
Bi-carbonate of magnesia. 
Chloride of sodium. 
Chloride of magnesium. 
No appreciable quantity of sulphates could be detected in the unconcen- 
trated water. 
The “Puce Spring” contains the same ingredients, though it is not so 
strongly impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen, but contains more 
chlorides than the other spring. : 
The qualitative examination of the “Eye Spring,” so called because 
persons having inflamed eyes have used it most, gave the same reaction 
with chemical reagents as the “‘ Puce Spring.” 
Besides these springs there is agood chalybeate water, that issues from the 
bank a few paces from, the “ Puce Spring,” containing bi-carbonate of the 
protoxide of iron and a trace of chlorides, but no appreciable quantity of 
